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Chapter 10 Section 1: File Systems and Swap

  • Explain what file systems are
  • Explain different types of file systems with a table
  • Explain disk-based vs network-based bs memory based

XFS File System

  • Explain the xfs file system

EXT File Systems

  • Explain the extended file systems

VFAT File System

  • Explain vFAT File System

File System Administration Commands

  • Give examples of dumpe2fs, e2fsck, e2label
  • Give Examples of mke2fs/mkfs.xfs etc
  • Give examples of resize2fs, tune2fs
  • Give examples of xfs_info, xfs_repair, xfs_admin
  • Give examples of df, du, blkid, findmnt, mount, umount, fuser

The mount command

  • Explain and give examples of mount with numerous options: async, acl, atime, auto, defaults, remount, (rw) etc.

Determining a filesystem UUID

  • Give examples and explain:
  • xfs_admin -u /dev/sda1
  • blkid /dev/sda1
  • grep boot /etc/fstab

Labelling a file system

  • Give examples and explain:
  • xfs_admin -l /dev/sda1
  • umount file system first (umount /boot for example)
  • xfs_admin -L bootfs /dev/sda1 (bootfs will be the new label)
  • mount /boot

Automatically mounting a file systen at boot time (editing fstab)

  • give examples, explain how it can break the system

File System Usage

  • Explain what df and du show, how they can be monitored

Examples of creating mounting, unmounting partitions and file systems (ext, xfs, vfat)

  • VFAT through parted (mklabel msdos, mkpart fat32)

Repairing damaged EXT and XFS File Systems

  • EXT: umount file system, run e2fsck to determine logical voume device file, dumpe2fs to get backedup superblocks, fsck on superblocks to repair the primary superblock, Remount file system

  • XFS: unmount file system, run xfs_repair on /dev/vg_name/lv_name, remount file system

Mounting remote file systems (nfs, CIFS, iSCSI, etc)

  • Example of mounting nfs: yum install nfs-utils
  • mkdir /nfsmountpoint
- fstab entry for nfs: 192.168.1.1:/nfsmountpoint /nfsmountpoint nfs _netdev 0 0

  • mount the file system mount -t nfs 192.168.0.1:/nfsmount /nfsmount

  • etc...

  • Example of mounting CIFS File System:

  • Install yum -y install samba-client cifs-utils

  • log onto share with smbclient: //192.168.0.110/someshare -U user

  • make mountpooint mkdir /someshare

  • mount the share: mount //192.168.0.1/someshare /someshare -o username=user

  • check through df and mount to check it has been mounted

  • modify the share to set the credentials /etc/samba/someshare:

/etc/samba/someshare
username: user
password: password

  • set root ownership on config file chown /etc/samba/share and chroot 0400 /etc/samba/share

  • create a file on the samba share and check it has worked

  • unmount file system, reboot, check it is still mounted

autofs

  • explain benefits of autofs
  • example of using autofs
  • yum install autofs
  • explain master map file

Using AUTOFS To Mount NFS Share with a Direct Map

  • explain direct map
  • example of using a direct map:
  • yum install autofs nfs-utils
  • mkdir /autodir (create the mount point autodir if it does not already exist)
  • edit the /etc/auto.master file and add the entry if it does not exist: /- /etc/auto.direct
  • create an /etc/auto.direct file and add the mount point: /autodir server1.example.com:/nfsrhcsa
  • systemctl enable autofs, systemctl start autofs, check the mounts and status of the service.

Using AutoFS with an Indirect Map

  • explain indirect map examplel with autofs
  • install autofs as per usual...
  • make sure mountpoint is available /autodir
  • Edit the /etc/auto.master and ensure that the following indriect map entry is defined: /misc /etc/auto.misc
  • Edit the /etc/auto.misc file and add: autodir server1.example.com:/somenfs
  • check mounts etc, enable services as per usual

Automounting User Home Directories

  • indirect map in /etc/auto.home (* -nfs4,rw &:/home/&)
  • etc the /etc/auto.master to use the new map file /home /etc/auto.home
  • restart autofs service

Swap

  • Determining free swap space with free -h example

  • cat /proc/meminfo (alternative)

  • Example for creating swap on regular partition: mkswap /dev/sda1

  • Example for creating swap on lvm partition: mkswap /dev/vg10/swapvol

  • Turn the swap on afterwares: swapon /dev/sda1

  • Use vmstat to work out the free virtual memory

  • Add swap partition to fstab !!!

  • Example of removing swap space

  • Swapoff, remove partitions

Access Control Lists (ACLS)

  • Explain ACLs and give examples of ACL commands: chacl, getfacl, setfacl
  • Explain ACL Rule syntax and structure.
  • Explain setfacl commands (removing acl etc)
  • Explain the role of the mask value on the ACL
  • Examples of setting, deleting, determining acls
  • Explain user/group/mask/other
  • Remember to set default to acl on fstab and remount file system: (mount -o remount,acl /home)