From 2b0fad505851922e4d6c85d4c1626182c8026966 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: WesIngwersen Date: Sun, 25 Oct 2026 08:39:32 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 1/9] docs(intro): add history of Cornerstone EEIO page Add the history page under the EEIO intro in the TOC, link it from the home page and the "Where EEIO comes from" section, and add its citations. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 --- index.md | 2 +- intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md | 17 ++++++++++++++ intro/what-is-eeio.md | 2 +- myst.yml | 2 ++ references.bib | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) create mode 100644 intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md diff --git a/index.md b/index.md index 57aa55eb..26071394 100644 --- a/index.md +++ b/index.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ site: The Cornerstone EEIO model is a multi-regional environmentally-extended input-output model. It links countries' economies through international trade and attaches greenhouse gas emissions to every sector, producing emission factors per dollar of purchases. -The emission factors are available for 405 sectors across 149 countries and 21 regional averages. The model is built as a time series from 2017 up to 2026, with the time series release coming before the end of 2026. These emission factors are most commonly used for Scope 3 measurements in corporate inventories and for academic and policy research. +The emission factors are available for 405 sectors across 149 countries and 21 regional averages. The model is built as a time series from 2017 up to 2026, with the time series release coming before the end of 2026. These emission factors are most commonly used for Scope 3 measurements in corporate inventories and for academic and policy research. Cornerstone EEIO is the successor of the USEEIO and CEDA models; see [](intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md). ::::{grid} 1 2 2 3 diff --git a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..24baf190 --- /dev/null +++ b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +--- +title: "History of the Cornerstone EEIO" +author: Dr. Wesley Ingwersen +--- + +## Origins of Cornerstone EEIO + +Cornerstone EEIO is a continuation of the USEEIO and CEDA EEIO models, built using the both of the best of each model as determined by the developers through [open discussions and analysis](http://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions). +CEDA dates back to the early 2000s when Sangwon Suh developed it at the University of Minnesota [@suhDevelopingSectoralEnvironmental2005]. It was initially a US single-region model accompanying by environmental extensions for many release types. It was later expanded by Suh's company, VitalMetrics, into a global MRIO model, CEDA Global, which by the time Watershed acquired VitalMetrics in 2023 covered 148 countries. Under Watershed, the model focused on GHG emissions, GHG emission factors for Scope 3 reporting became its primary purpose, and starting with CEDA 2024 all versions were global. +USEEIO was a research product of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) first released in early 2017 [@yangUSEEIONewTransparent2017]. USEEIO built off the contributions of earlier US single-region EEIO models including the Carnegie Mellon EIO-LCA model, openIO, and CEDA, and primary versions include v1 and v2.0 [@ingwersenUSEEIOV20US2022a] were used for multi-indicator assessments. +Initially developed primarily for applications of the USEPA's Sustainable Materials Management program, the Supply Chain Emission Factors were developed for Scope 3 reporting initially at the request of the EPA Center for Corporate Climate Leadership and later continued at the request of the White House Office of Sustainability and the General Services Administration [@ingwersenSupplyChainGreenhouse2020;@ingwersen_supply_2024] and became the most popular use of the model and one of the USEPA's most popular open source datasets. +The limitations of the single-region for modeling consumption impacts in the U.S. were addressed in late v2 models by coupling them with global MRIO models [@ingwersenEstimatingEmbodiedEnvironmental2024], one of which was CEDA [@ingwersenUSEEIOModelsImport2024]. +The USEPA ceased updating the USEEIO model in 2025. + +A primary motivation for the formation of the Cornerstone Sustainability Data Initiative (Cornerstone) was to continue maintaining the USEEIO model and to bring it together with CEDA. +While the [first release](../releases/index.md) of Cornerstone EEIO is in 2026, the model is only "new" in the sense of the reconciliation of the methods behind USEEIO and CEDA, major methodological innovations +including ABSR and nowcasting US tables that have been added (see a complete list under Releases), and assembly through a new data pipeline. diff --git a/intro/what-is-eeio.md b/intro/what-is-eeio.md index 4e53676a..3915ec2d 100644 --- a/intro/what-is-eeio.md +++ b/intro/what-is-eeio.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ An EEIO model combines input-output tables with an environmental extension to pr ## Where EEIO comes from -EEIO grew out of economic input-output analysis when economist Wassily Leontief added the pollution generated by each sector to his model of the economy [@leontiefEnvironmentalRepercussionsEconomic1970], and it has been a basis for carbon footprinting of nations, organizations, and products over the last few decades [@minxInputOutputAnalysisCarbon2009]. +EEIO grew out of economic input-output analysis when economist Wassily Leontief added the pollution generated by each sector to his model of the economy [@leontiefEnvironmentalRepercussionsEconomic1970], and it has been a basis for carbon footprinting of nations, organizations, and products over the last few decades [@minxInputOutputAnalysisCarbon2009]. Cornerstone EEIO continues two of the longest-running US EEIO models, USEEIO and CEDA; see [](cornerstone-eeio-history.md). ## The parts of the model diff --git a/myst.yml b/myst.yml index b1fae7e7..188485a0 100644 --- a/myst.yml +++ b/myst.yml @@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ project: toc: - file: index.md - file: intro/what-is-eeio.md + children: + - file: intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md - title: The IO model children: - file: io/index.md diff --git a/references.bib b/references.bib index d98ab317..acd5ff7a 100644 --- a/references.bib +++ b/references.bib @@ -602,3 +602,40 @@ @article{yangUSEEIONewTransparent2017 pmcid = {PMC6192422}, keywords = {Data quality assessment,Environmentally-extended input-output (EEIO),Life cycle assessment,Product hotspot analysis,Streamlined life cycle assessment,Sustainable materials management}, } + +@report{ingwersenEstimatingEmbodiedEnvironmental2024, + title = {Estimating Embodied Environmental Flows in International Imports for the {{USEEIO Model}}}, + author = {Ingwersen, Wesley and Namovich, Jake and Young, Ben and Vendries, Jorge}, + date = {2024}, + institution = {U.S. Environmental Protection Agency}, + location = {Washington, DC}, + url = {https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=362470}, + eid = {EPA/600/R-24/116} +} + +@dataset{ingwersenUSEEIOModelsImport2024, + title = {{{USEEIO Models}} with {{Import Emission Factors}} for {{Greenhouse Gases}} for 2022 from {{CEDA}} Coupled Model}, + author = {Ingwersen, Wesley and Young, Ben and {Li, Mo}}, + date = {2024-12}, + publisher = {Data.gov}, + doi = {10.23719/1531906} +} + +@dataset{ingwersen_supply_2024, + title = {Supply {{Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors}} v1.3 by {{NAICS-6}}}, + author = {Ingwersen, Wesley}, + date = {2024-07-09}, + doi = {10.23719/1531143} +} + +@report{ingwersenSupplyChainGreenhouse2020, + ids = {us_epa_supply_nodate}, + title = {Supply {{Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors}} for {{US Industries}} and {{Commodities}}}, + author = {Ingwersen, Wesley and Li, Mo}, + date = {2020}, + pages = {76}, + institution = {{US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response}}, + url = {https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?Lab=CESER&dirEntryId=349324}, + eid = {EPA/600/R-20/001}, + langid = {english}, + } \ No newline at end of file From 3a32dc12a0d4bfc0dec9798fe39b33098d0ac24c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: WesIngwersen Date: Sun, 25 Oct 2026 10:40:46 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 2/9] docs(intro): incorporate history edits and cite early EIO-LCA papers Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 --- intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md | 4 ++-- references.bib | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 2 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md index 24baf190..91bc7694 100644 --- a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md +++ b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ author: Dr. Wesley Ingwersen ## Origins of Cornerstone EEIO Cornerstone EEIO is a continuation of the USEEIO and CEDA EEIO models, built using the both of the best of each model as determined by the developers through [open discussions and analysis](http://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions). -CEDA dates back to the early 2000s when Sangwon Suh developed it at the University of Minnesota [@suhDevelopingSectoralEnvironmental2005]. It was initially a US single-region model accompanying by environmental extensions for many release types. It was later expanded by Suh's company, VitalMetrics, into a global MRIO model, CEDA Global, which by the time Watershed acquired VitalMetrics in 2023 covered 148 countries. Under Watershed, the model focused on GHG emissions, GHG emission factors for Scope 3 reporting became its primary purpose, and starting with CEDA 2024 all versions were global. -USEEIO was a research product of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) first released in early 2017 [@yangUSEEIONewTransparent2017]. USEEIO built off the contributions of earlier US single-region EEIO models including the Carnegie Mellon EIO-LCA model, openIO, and CEDA, and primary versions include v1 and v2.0 [@ingwersenUSEEIOV20US2022a] were used for multi-indicator assessments. +CEDA dates back to the early 2000s when Sangwon Suh developed it at the University of Minnesota [@suhDevelopingSectoralEnvironmental2005]. It was initially a US single-region model accompanied by environmental extensions to report many environmental indicators. It was maintained an applied by the company VitalMetrics for private, public and academic applications. It was expanded to become a global MRIO model focused on GHG emissions before Watershed acquired it in 2023 and GHG emission factors for Scope 3 reporting became its primary purpose, releasing an free version of emissions factors as openCEDA in 2024. +USEEIO was a research product of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) first released in early 2017 and developed as fully open-source model [@yangUSEEIONewTransparent2017]. USEEIO built off the contributions of earlier US single-region EEIO models including the Carnegie Mellon EIO-LCA model [@laveUsingInputOutputAnalysis1995;@weber20092002], openIO [@cox2011open], and CEDA, and primary versions include v1 and v2.0 [@ingwersenUSEEIOV20US2022a] were used for multi-indicator assessments. Initially developed primarily for applications of the USEPA's Sustainable Materials Management program, the Supply Chain Emission Factors were developed for Scope 3 reporting initially at the request of the EPA Center for Corporate Climate Leadership and later continued at the request of the White House Office of Sustainability and the General Services Administration [@ingwersenSupplyChainGreenhouse2020;@ingwersen_supply_2024] and became the most popular use of the model and one of the USEPA's most popular open source datasets. The limitations of the single-region for modeling consumption impacts in the U.S. were addressed in late v2 models by coupling them with global MRIO models [@ingwersenEstimatingEmbodiedEnvironmental2024], one of which was CEDA [@ingwersenUSEEIOModelsImport2024]. The USEPA ceased updating the USEEIO model in 2025. diff --git a/references.bib b/references.bib index acd5ff7a..8dbd75d6 100644 --- a/references.bib +++ b/references.bib @@ -638,4 +638,41 @@ @report{ingwersenSupplyChainGreenhouse2020 url = {https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?Lab=CESER&dirEntryId=349324}, eid = {EPA/600/R-20/001}, langid = {english}, - } \ No newline at end of file + } + + @article{cox2011open, + title={Open IO: Developing a Transparent, Fully Accessible Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment Database}, + author={Cox, Robert W and Norris, G}, + journal={Sustainability Consortium, Fayetteville, AK}, + year={2011} +} + +@article{weber20092002, + title={The 2002 US benchmark version of the economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIO-LCA) model}, + author={Weber, Christopher and Matthews, Deanna and Venkatesh, Aranya and Costello, Christine and Matthews, H}, + journal={Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University}, + year={2009}, + url = {https://www.academia.edu/download/30700261/full-document-2002-042310.pdf} +} + +@article{laveUsingInputOutputAnalysis1995, + title = {Using Input-Output Analysis to Estimate Economy-Wide Discharges}, + author = {Lave, Lester B. and Cobas-Flores, Elisa and Hendrickson, Chris T. and McMichael, Francis C.}, + date = {1995}, + journaltitle = {Environmental Science \& Technology}, + volume = {29}, + number = {9}, + pages = {420A--426A}, + doi = {10.1021/es00009a748} +} + +@article{hendricksonEconomicInputOutput1998, + title = {Economic Input-Output Models for Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment}, + author = {Hendrickson, Chris and Horvath, Arpad and Joshi, Satish and Lave, Lester}, + date = {1998}, + journaltitle = {Environmental Science \& Technology}, + volume = {32}, + number = {7}, + pages = {184A--191A}, + doi = {10.1021/es983471i} +} From 8849880a3786a467b242cebe8266f62e8d7b7bcb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: WesIngwersen Date: Sun, 25 Oct 2026 10:48:22 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 3/9] docs(intro): revise history text and EIO-LCA citation Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 --- intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md index 91bc7694..55b83efe 100644 --- a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md +++ b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md @@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ author: Dr. Wesley Ingwersen Cornerstone EEIO is a continuation of the USEEIO and CEDA EEIO models, built using the both of the best of each model as determined by the developers through [open discussions and analysis](http://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions). CEDA dates back to the early 2000s when Sangwon Suh developed it at the University of Minnesota [@suhDevelopingSectoralEnvironmental2005]. It was initially a US single-region model accompanied by environmental extensions to report many environmental indicators. It was maintained an applied by the company VitalMetrics for private, public and academic applications. It was expanded to become a global MRIO model focused on GHG emissions before Watershed acquired it in 2023 and GHG emission factors for Scope 3 reporting became its primary purpose, releasing an free version of emissions factors as openCEDA in 2024. -USEEIO was a research product of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) first released in early 2017 and developed as fully open-source model [@yangUSEEIONewTransparent2017]. USEEIO built off the contributions of earlier US single-region EEIO models including the Carnegie Mellon EIO-LCA model [@laveUsingInputOutputAnalysis1995;@weber20092002], openIO [@cox2011open], and CEDA, and primary versions include v1 and v2.0 [@ingwersenUSEEIOV20US2022a] were used for multi-indicator assessments. -Initially developed primarily for applications of the USEPA's Sustainable Materials Management program, the Supply Chain Emission Factors were developed for Scope 3 reporting initially at the request of the EPA Center for Corporate Climate Leadership and later continued at the request of the White House Office of Sustainability and the General Services Administration [@ingwersenSupplyChainGreenhouse2020;@ingwersen_supply_2024] and became the most popular use of the model and one of the USEPA's most popular open source datasets. +USEEIO was a research product of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) first released in early 2017 and developed as fully open-source model [@yangUSEEIONewTransparent2017]. USEEIO built off the contributions of earlier US single-region EEIO models including the Carnegie Mellon EIO-LCA model [@hendricksonEconomicInputOutput1998;@weber20092002], openIO [@cox2011open], and CEDA, and primary versions include v1 and v2.0 [@ingwersenUSEEIOV20US2022a] were used for multi-indicator assessments. +USEEIO was initially developed for applications of the USEPA's Sustainable Materials Management program. Beginning in 2020 the Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors were created from USEEIO for Scope 3 reporting, initially at the request of the EPA Center for Corporate Climate Leadership and later continued at the request of the White House Office of Sustainability and the General Services Administration [@ingwersenSupplyChainGreenhouse2020;@ingwersen_supply_2024] and became the most popular use of the model and one of the USEPA's most popular open source datasets. The limitations of the single-region for modeling consumption impacts in the U.S. were addressed in late v2 models by coupling them with global MRIO models [@ingwersenEstimatingEmbodiedEnvironmental2024], one of which was CEDA [@ingwersenUSEEIOModelsImport2024]. The USEPA ceased updating the USEEIO model in 2025. From 7cc6aa8b76628660501d4d4352ccd883662bcccf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: WesIngwersen Date: Sun, 25 Oct 2026 10:54:59 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 4/9] change title from history to origins --- intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md index 55b83efe..1517905b 100644 --- a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md +++ b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ --- -title: "History of the Cornerstone EEIO" +title: "Origins of the Cornerstone EEIO" author: Dr. Wesley Ingwersen --- From 0e37bc9a633dabc650f1ee0b8c4b5619fba997b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: WesIngwersen Date: Sun, 25 Oct 2026 10:56:41 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 5/9] add Leiden to history --- intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md index 1517905b..e0fce871 100644 --- a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md +++ b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ author: Dr. Wesley Ingwersen ## Origins of Cornerstone EEIO Cornerstone EEIO is a continuation of the USEEIO and CEDA EEIO models, built using the both of the best of each model as determined by the developers through [open discussions and analysis](http://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions). -CEDA dates back to the early 2000s when Sangwon Suh developed it at the University of Minnesota [@suhDevelopingSectoralEnvironmental2005]. It was initially a US single-region model accompanied by environmental extensions to report many environmental indicators. It was maintained an applied by the company VitalMetrics for private, public and academic applications. It was expanded to become a global MRIO model focused on GHG emissions before Watershed acquired it in 2023 and GHG emission factors for Scope 3 reporting became its primary purpose, releasing an free version of emissions factors as openCEDA in 2024. +CEDA dates back to the early 2000s when Sangwon Suh developed it initially at Leiden University and later at the University of Minnesota [@suhDevelopingSectoralEnvironmental2005]. It was initially a US single-region model accompanied by environmental extensions to report many environmental indicators. It was maintained an applied by the company VitalMetrics for private, public and academic applications. It was expanded to become a global MRIO model focused on GHG emissions before Watershed acquired it in 2023 and GHG emission factors for Scope 3 reporting became its primary purpose, releasing an free version of emissions factors as openCEDA in 2024. USEEIO was a research product of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) first released in early 2017 and developed as fully open-source model [@yangUSEEIONewTransparent2017]. USEEIO built off the contributions of earlier US single-region EEIO models including the Carnegie Mellon EIO-LCA model [@hendricksonEconomicInputOutput1998;@weber20092002], openIO [@cox2011open], and CEDA, and primary versions include v1 and v2.0 [@ingwersenUSEEIOV20US2022a] were used for multi-indicator assessments. USEEIO was initially developed for applications of the USEPA's Sustainable Materials Management program. Beginning in 2020 the Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors were created from USEEIO for Scope 3 reporting, initially at the request of the EPA Center for Corporate Climate Leadership and later continued at the request of the White House Office of Sustainability and the General Services Administration [@ingwersenSupplyChainGreenhouse2020;@ingwersen_supply_2024] and became the most popular use of the model and one of the USEPA's most popular open source datasets. The limitations of the single-region for modeling consumption impacts in the U.S. were addressed in late v2 models by coupling them with global MRIO models [@ingwersenEstimatingEmbodiedEnvironmental2024], one of which was CEDA [@ingwersenUSEEIOModelsImport2024]. From 389363bc8797e0b948b606f0a59b3412e7301935 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: WesIngwersen Date: Sun, 25 Oct 2026 11:08:04 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 6/9] docs(intro): cite the Cornerstone launch announcement Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 --- intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md | 14 ++++++++++---- references.bib | 8 ++++++++ 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md index e0fce871..e8653397 100644 --- a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md +++ b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md @@ -6,12 +6,18 @@ author: Dr. Wesley Ingwersen ## Origins of Cornerstone EEIO Cornerstone EEIO is a continuation of the USEEIO and CEDA EEIO models, built using the both of the best of each model as determined by the developers through [open discussions and analysis](http://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions). -CEDA dates back to the early 2000s when Sangwon Suh developed it initially at Leiden University and later at the University of Minnesota [@suhDevelopingSectoralEnvironmental2005]. It was initially a US single-region model accompanied by environmental extensions to report many environmental indicators. It was maintained an applied by the company VitalMetrics for private, public and academic applications. It was expanded to become a global MRIO model focused on GHG emissions before Watershed acquired it in 2023 and GHG emission factors for Scope 3 reporting became its primary purpose, releasing an free version of emissions factors as openCEDA in 2024. -USEEIO was a research product of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) first released in early 2017 and developed as fully open-source model [@yangUSEEIONewTransparent2017]. USEEIO built off the contributions of earlier US single-region EEIO models including the Carnegie Mellon EIO-LCA model [@hendricksonEconomicInputOutput1998;@weber20092002], openIO [@cox2011open], and CEDA, and primary versions include v1 and v2.0 [@ingwersenUSEEIOV20US2022a] were used for multi-indicator assessments. + +CEDA dates back to the early 2000s when Sangwon Suh developed it initially at Leiden University and later at the University of Minnesota [@suhDevelopingSectoralEnvironmental2005]. + It was initially a U.S. single-region model accompanied by environmental extensions to report many environmental indicators. + It was maintained and applied by VitalMetrics for private, public and academic applications. + CEDA was expanded to become a global MRIO model focused on GHG emissions before Watershed acquired it in 2023 and GHG emission factors for Scope 3 reporting became its primary purpose, releasing an free version of emissions factors as openCEDA in 2024. + +USEEIO was a research product of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) first released in early 2017 and developed as a fully open-source model [@yangUSEEIONewTransparent2017]. +USEEIO built off the contributions of earlier US single-region U.S. EEIO models including the Carnegie Mellon EIO-LCA model [@hendricksonEconomicInputOutput1998;@weber20092002], openIO [@cox2011open], and CEDA, and primary versions include v1 and v2.0 [@ingwersenUSEEIOV20US2022a] were used for multi-indicator assessments. USEEIO was initially developed for applications of the USEPA's Sustainable Materials Management program. Beginning in 2020 the Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors were created from USEEIO for Scope 3 reporting, initially at the request of the EPA Center for Corporate Climate Leadership and later continued at the request of the White House Office of Sustainability and the General Services Administration [@ingwersenSupplyChainGreenhouse2020;@ingwersen_supply_2024] and became the most popular use of the model and one of the USEPA's most popular open source datasets. The limitations of the single-region for modeling consumption impacts in the U.S. were addressed in late v2 models by coupling them with global MRIO models [@ingwersenEstimatingEmbodiedEnvironmental2024], one of which was CEDA [@ingwersenUSEEIOModelsImport2024]. -The USEPA ceased updating the USEEIO model in 2025. +The USEPA ceased updating the USEEIO models in 2025. -A primary motivation for the formation of the Cornerstone Sustainability Data Initiative (Cornerstone) was to continue maintaining the USEEIO model and to bring it together with CEDA. +A primary motivation for the formation of the Cornerstone Sustainability Data Initiative (Cornerstone) was to continue the USEEIO model and to bring it together with CEDA [@watershedSolidifyingFoundationsGlobal2025]. While the [first release](../releases/index.md) of Cornerstone EEIO is in 2026, the model is only "new" in the sense of the reconciliation of the methods behind USEEIO and CEDA, major methodological innovations including ABSR and nowcasting US tables that have been added (see a complete list under Releases), and assembly through a new data pipeline. diff --git a/references.bib b/references.bib index 8dbd75d6..99cbf5f1 100644 --- a/references.bib +++ b/references.bib @@ -676,3 +676,11 @@ @article{hendricksonEconomicInputOutput1998 pages = {184A--191A}, doi = {10.1021/es983471i} } + +@online{watershedSolidifyingFoundationsGlobal2025, + title = {Solidifying the Foundations of Global Sustainability Data}, + author = {{Watershed}}, + date = {2025-08-08}, + url = {https://watershed.com/blog/cornerstone}, + urldate = {2026-10-25} +} From cfc50bb6813b62f75afa5fe45bcd23203127f100 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: WesIngwersen Date: Sun, 25 Oct 2026 11:25:20 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 7/9] docs(intro): grammar pass on history page; cite USEEIO funding news Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 --- intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md | 26 +++++++++++++------------- references.bib | 8 ++++++++ 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) diff --git a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md index e8653397..965dba46 100644 --- a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md +++ b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md @@ -5,19 +5,19 @@ author: Dr. Wesley Ingwersen ## Origins of Cornerstone EEIO -Cornerstone EEIO is a continuation of the USEEIO and CEDA EEIO models, built using the both of the best of each model as determined by the developers through [open discussions and analysis](http://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions). +Cornerstone EEIO is a continuation of the USEEIO and CEDA EEIO models, built from the best of each model as determined by the developers through [open discussions and analysis](http://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions). -CEDA dates back to the early 2000s when Sangwon Suh developed it initially at Leiden University and later at the University of Minnesota [@suhDevelopingSectoralEnvironmental2005]. - It was initially a U.S. single-region model accompanied by environmental extensions to report many environmental indicators. - It was maintained and applied by VitalMetrics for private, public and academic applications. - CEDA was expanded to become a global MRIO model focused on GHG emissions before Watershed acquired it in 2023 and GHG emission factors for Scope 3 reporting became its primary purpose, releasing an free version of emissions factors as openCEDA in 2024. +CEDA dates back to the early 2000s, when Sangwon Suh developed it, first at Leiden University and later at the University of Minnesota [@suhDevelopingSectoralEnvironmental2005]. +It began as a U.S. single-region model with environmental extensions covering many environmental indicators. +VitalMetrics maintained it and applied it in private, public and academic work. +CEDA was expanded into a global MRIO model focused on GHG emissions before Watershed acquired it in 2023. Under Watershed, GHG emission factors for Scope 3 reporting became its primary purpose, and in 2025 Watershed released a free version of the emission factors as Open CEDA. -USEEIO was a research product of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) first released in early 2017 and developed as a fully open-source model [@yangUSEEIONewTransparent2017]. -USEEIO built off the contributions of earlier US single-region U.S. EEIO models including the Carnegie Mellon EIO-LCA model [@hendricksonEconomicInputOutput1998;@weber20092002], openIO [@cox2011open], and CEDA, and primary versions include v1 and v2.0 [@ingwersenUSEEIOV20US2022a] were used for multi-indicator assessments. -USEEIO was initially developed for applications of the USEPA's Sustainable Materials Management program. Beginning in 2020 the Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors were created from USEEIO for Scope 3 reporting, initially at the request of the EPA Center for Corporate Climate Leadership and later continued at the request of the White House Office of Sustainability and the General Services Administration [@ingwersenSupplyChainGreenhouse2020;@ingwersen_supply_2024] and became the most popular use of the model and one of the USEPA's most popular open source datasets. -The limitations of the single-region for modeling consumption impacts in the U.S. were addressed in late v2 models by coupling them with global MRIO models [@ingwersenEstimatingEmbodiedEnvironmental2024], one of which was CEDA [@ingwersenUSEEIOModelsImport2024]. -The USEPA ceased updating the USEEIO models in 2025. +USEEIO was a research product of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), first released in early 2017 and developed as a fully open-source model [@yangUSEEIONewTransparent2017]. +USEEIO built on the contributions of earlier U.S. single-region EEIO models, including the Carnegie Mellon EIO-LCA model [@hendricksonEconomicInputOutput1998;@weber20092002], openIO [@cox2011open], and CEDA. Its primary versions are v1 and v2.0 [@ingwersenUSEEIOV20US2022a]. +USEEIO was initially developed for multi-indicator assessments for the USEPA's Sustainable Materials Management program. +Beginning in 2020, the Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors were created from USEEIO for Scope 3 reporting, first at the request of the EPA Center for Corporate Climate Leadership and later at the request of the White House Office of Sustainability and the General Services Administration [@ingwersenSupplyChainGreenhouse2020;@ingwersen_supply_2024]. They became the most popular use of the model and one of the USEPA's most popular open-source datasets. +The limitations of a single-region model for estimating consumption-based impacts in the U.S. were addressed in later v2 models by coupling them with global MRIO models [@ingwersenEstimatingEmbodiedEnvironmental2024], one of which was CEDA [@ingwersenUSEEIOModelsImport2024]. +The USEPA ceased updating the USEEIO models in 2025 [@stevensPopularEPADatabase2025]. -A primary motivation for the formation of the Cornerstone Sustainability Data Initiative (Cornerstone) was to continue the USEEIO model and to bring it together with CEDA [@watershedSolidifyingFoundationsGlobal2025]. -While the [first release](../releases/index.md) of Cornerstone EEIO is in 2026, the model is only "new" in the sense of the reconciliation of the methods behind USEEIO and CEDA, major methodological innovations -including ABSR and nowcasting US tables that have been added (see a complete list under Releases), and assembly through a new data pipeline. +A primary motivation for forming the Cornerstone Sustainability Data Initiative (Cornerstone) was to continue the USEEIO model and to bring it together with CEDA [@watershedSolidifyingFoundationsGlobal2025]. +Although the [first release](../releases/index.md) of Cornerstone EEIO came in 2026, the model is "new" only in that it reconciles the methods behind USEEIO and CEDA, adds major methodological innovations such as ABSR and nowcast U.S. tables, and is assembled through a new data pipeline. Read more about these innovations in [Releases](../releases/index.md). diff --git a/references.bib b/references.bib index 99cbf5f1..1167407c 100644 --- a/references.bib +++ b/references.bib @@ -684,3 +684,11 @@ @online{watershedSolidifyingFoundationsGlobal2025 url = {https://watershed.com/blog/cornerstone}, urldate = {2026-10-25} } + +@article{stevensPopularEPADatabase2025, + title = {Popular {{E}}.{{P}}.{{A}}. Database Is in Limbo Following Science Cuts}, + author = {Stevens, Harry}, + date = {2025-08-08}, + journaltitle = {The New York Times}, + url = {https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/08/climate/epa-database-useeio-greenhouse-gases.html} +} \ No newline at end of file From 8c5995c7a800c43814616e6703660af12c608ff1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Dr. Wesley Ingwersen" Date: Mon, 26 Oct 2026 12:31:43 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 8/9] epa -> usepa Co-authored-by: Ben Young (ERG) <44471635+bl-young@users.noreply.github.com> --- intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md index 965dba46..076ea7d0 100644 --- a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md +++ b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ CEDA was expanded into a global MRIO model focused on GHG emissions before Water USEEIO was a research product of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), first released in early 2017 and developed as a fully open-source model [@yangUSEEIONewTransparent2017]. USEEIO built on the contributions of earlier U.S. single-region EEIO models, including the Carnegie Mellon EIO-LCA model [@hendricksonEconomicInputOutput1998;@weber20092002], openIO [@cox2011open], and CEDA. Its primary versions are v1 and v2.0 [@ingwersenUSEEIOV20US2022a]. USEEIO was initially developed for multi-indicator assessments for the USEPA's Sustainable Materials Management program. -Beginning in 2020, the Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors were created from USEEIO for Scope 3 reporting, first at the request of the EPA Center for Corporate Climate Leadership and later at the request of the White House Office of Sustainability and the General Services Administration [@ingwersenSupplyChainGreenhouse2020;@ingwersen_supply_2024]. They became the most popular use of the model and one of the USEPA's most popular open-source datasets. +Beginning in 2020, the Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors were created from USEEIO for Scope 3 reporting, first at the request of the USEPA Center for Corporate Climate Leadership and later at the request of the White House Office of Sustainability and the General Services Administration [@ingwersenSupplyChainGreenhouse2020;@ingwersen_supply_2024]. They became the most popular use of the model and one of the USEPA's most popular open-source datasets. The limitations of a single-region model for estimating consumption-based impacts in the U.S. were addressed in later v2 models by coupling them with global MRIO models [@ingwersenEstimatingEmbodiedEnvironmental2024], one of which was CEDA [@ingwersenUSEEIOModelsImport2024]. The USEPA ceased updating the USEEIO models in 2025 [@stevensPopularEPADatabase2025]. From 1776b406c0034c7f85e6e5a27451467ce4b89388 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: WesIngwersen Date: Mon, 26 Oct 2026 12:34:37 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 9/9] docs(intro): add Summary tip and CEDA/USEEIO subheaders to history page Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 --- intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md | 10 ++++++++-- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md index 076ea7d0..a6ede625 100644 --- a/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md +++ b/intro/cornerstone-eeio-history.md @@ -3,15 +3,19 @@ title: "Origins of the Cornerstone EEIO" author: Dr. Wesley Ingwersen --- -## Origins of Cornerstone EEIO - +:::{tip} Summary Cornerstone EEIO is a continuation of the USEEIO and CEDA EEIO models, built from the best of each model as determined by the developers through [open discussions and analysis](http://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions). +::: + +## CEDA CEDA dates back to the early 2000s, when Sangwon Suh developed it, first at Leiden University and later at the University of Minnesota [@suhDevelopingSectoralEnvironmental2005]. It began as a U.S. single-region model with environmental extensions covering many environmental indicators. VitalMetrics maintained it and applied it in private, public and academic work. CEDA was expanded into a global MRIO model focused on GHG emissions before Watershed acquired it in 2023. Under Watershed, GHG emission factors for Scope 3 reporting became its primary purpose, and in 2025 Watershed released a free version of the emission factors as Open CEDA. +## USEEIO + USEEIO was a research product of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), first released in early 2017 and developed as a fully open-source model [@yangUSEEIONewTransparent2017]. USEEIO built on the contributions of earlier U.S. single-region EEIO models, including the Carnegie Mellon EIO-LCA model [@hendricksonEconomicInputOutput1998;@weber20092002], openIO [@cox2011open], and CEDA. Its primary versions are v1 and v2.0 [@ingwersenUSEEIOV20US2022a]. USEEIO was initially developed for multi-indicator assessments for the USEPA's Sustainable Materials Management program. @@ -19,5 +23,7 @@ Beginning in 2020, the Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors were created from USEEI The limitations of a single-region model for estimating consumption-based impacts in the U.S. were addressed in later v2 models by coupling them with global MRIO models [@ingwersenEstimatingEmbodiedEnvironmental2024], one of which was CEDA [@ingwersenUSEEIOModelsImport2024]. The USEPA ceased updating the USEEIO models in 2025 [@stevensPopularEPADatabase2025]. +## Cornerstone EEIO + A primary motivation for forming the Cornerstone Sustainability Data Initiative (Cornerstone) was to continue the USEEIO model and to bring it together with CEDA [@watershedSolidifyingFoundationsGlobal2025]. Although the [first release](../releases/index.md) of Cornerstone EEIO came in 2026, the model is "new" only in that it reconciles the methods behind USEEIO and CEDA, adds major methodological innovations such as ABSR and nowcast U.S. tables, and is assembled through a new data pipeline. Read more about these innovations in [Releases](../releases/index.md).