diff --git a/DESIGN.md b/DESIGN.md
index fed82576e..fcadf6c05 100644
--- a/DESIGN.md
+++ b/DESIGN.md
@@ -633,7 +633,10 @@ Existing JSON values are returned as `Cow::Borrowed` so handler and expression h
 - Special length property support for arrays and strings (e.g., users.length)
 - Numeric array indexes are not resolved by dotted path lookup; loops bind array items by moniker instead
 - Nullable path handling via `Option`
-- Missing paths return `None`; handler text and attribute bindings render empty, and missing condition values evaluate as false
+- Missing paths return `None`; handler text and attribute bindings render empty.
+  A missing identifier in a condition is a falsy operand, so `path` evaluates
+  false and `!path` evaluates true. A missing comparison operand still makes
+  the complete handler condition false.
 
 ## Expression Evaluation (webui-expressions)
 ### Core Function
@@ -646,6 +649,8 @@ pub fn evaluate(condition: &ConditionExpr, state: &Value) -> Result<bool, Expres
 - **Logical operators:** Support for && (AND) and || (OR) only
 - **Comparison operators:** Support for >, <, ==, !=, >=, <= only
 - **Negation:** Support for ! operator
+- **Missing identifiers:** Treat a missing identifier as a falsy operand before
+  applying negation or logical operators
 - **No mixed operators:**  Cannot mix AND and OR in the same expression level
 - **Operator limit:**  Maximum of 5 logical operators per expression
 - **Error handling:**  Clear, actionable error messages for invalid expressions
@@ -1644,7 +1649,9 @@ All arrays are optional and omitted from the output when empty to minimize paylo
 
 The closure itself has the shape `(resolve, scope) => boolean`; generated source calls
 `resolve(path, scope)` for identifier lookups and preserves the existing WebUI condition
-semantics for truthiness, comparison, negation, and `&&` / `||` compounds.
+semantics for truthiness, comparison, negation, and `&&` / `||` compounds. A resolver
+miss is a falsy identifier operand on both server and client, so `path` is false
+and `!path` is true even when the path is absent from a loop item.
 
 > **Known divergence.** A bare identifier compiles to `!!resolve(path, scope)`, i.e.
 > host JavaScript truthiness, while the server evaluator in `webui-expressions`
diff --git a/crates/webui-expressions/src/lib.rs b/crates/webui-expressions/src/lib.rs
index fd9ee4aed..d54226654 100644
--- a/crates/webui-expressions/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/webui-expressions/src/lib.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@ pub enum ExpressionError {
 
 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, ExpressionError>;
 
-/// Evaluate a condition expression with the given state
+/// Evaluate a condition expression with the given state.
+///
+/// Missing identifier paths are falsy operands. Missing values used by
+/// comparison predicates remain evaluation errors.
 pub fn evaluate(condition: &ConditionExpr, state: &Value) -> Result<bool> {
     evaluate_with_resolver(condition, |path| find_value_by_dotted_path_ref(path, state))
 }
@@ -136,7 +139,7 @@ where
                     Value::Object(o) => Ok(!o.is_empty()),
                 }
             } else {
-                Err(ExpressionError::MissingValue(id.value.clone()))
+                Ok(false)
             }
         }
         None => Err(ExpressionError::Evaluation(
@@ -638,15 +641,18 @@ mod tests {
     // === Identifier Edge Cases ===
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_missing_field() {
+    fn test_missing_identifier_is_falsy_before_negation() {
         let condition = ConditionExpr::identifier("notExist");
+        let negated = ConditionExpr::negated(condition.clone());
         let state = test_json!({ "flag": true });
 
-        let result = evaluate(&condition, &state);
         assert!(
-            matches!(result, Err(ExpressionError::MissingValue(_))),
-            "Expected Err(MissingValue), got {:?}",
-            result
+            matches!(evaluate(&condition, &state), Ok(false)),
+            "a missing identifier must be a falsy operand"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            matches!(evaluate(&negated, &state), Ok(true)),
+            "negating a missing identifier must evaluate to true"
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/webui-handler/src/lib.rs b/crates/webui-handler/src/lib.rs
index 4ec63c26b..2fa62ec7c 100644
--- a/crates/webui-handler/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/webui-handler/src/lib.rs
@@ -1405,7 +1405,8 @@ impl WebUIHandler {
     ///
     /// Uses a resolver closure that checks local variables first, then falls
     /// back to global state — avoiding a full clone of the state tree.
-    /// Returns false if the condition references a missing value.
+    /// Missing identifier operands are falsy before logical operators are applied.
+    /// Missing predicate values make the complete condition false.
     fn evaluate_condition(
         &self,
         condition: &webui_protocol::ConditionExpr,
@@ -2347,6 +2348,36 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(writer_false.is_ended());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn missing_identifier_is_falsy_before_negation_in_global_and_loop_scopes() {
+        let source = r#"<if condition="missingTopLevel">top-positive</if><if condition="!missingTopLevel">top-negated</if><for each="item in items"><if condition="item.searchPresentation"><mark>{{item.label}}</mark></if><if condition="!item.searchPresentation"><span>{{item.label}}</span></if></for>"#;
+        let mut parser = HtmlParser::new();
+        parser
+            .parse("index.html", source)
+            .expect("parse missing-path condition fixture");
+        let protocol = WebUIProtocol::new(parser.into_fragment_records());
+        let state = test_json!({
+            "items": [
+                {"label": "Normal"},
+                {"label": "Search", "searchPresentation": true}
+            ]
+        });
+        let mut writer = TestWriter::new();
+
+        handle(
+            &protocol,
+            &state,
+            &RenderOptions::new("index.html", "/"),
+            &mut writer,
+        )
+        .expect("render missing-path condition fixture");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            writer.get_content(),
+            "top-negated<span>Normal</span><mark>Search</mark>"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_handle_component() {
         // Create a protocol with a component
diff --git a/docs/ai/SKILL.md b/docs/ai/SKILL.md
index 64921357d..38a93c11e 100644
--- a/docs/ai/SKILL.md
+++ b/docs/ai/SKILL.md
@@ -107,9 +107,10 @@ compile to a binary Protocol Buffer at build time. At runtime any backend
 (Rust, Node, Go, C#, Python) supplies JSON state and produces HTML. On the
 client, interactive components hydrate as islands.
 
-1. **Every template binding must exist in the server state JSON.** If the
+1. **Every template binding should exist in the server state JSON.** If the
    template uses `{{title}}`, the server must provide `{ "title": "..." }`.
-   Missing paths render empty and `<if>` evaluates false. No error is raised.
+   Missing text and attribute paths render empty. A missing condition identifier
+   is falsy, so `path` is false and `!path` is true. No error is raised.
 2. **Derived state belongs in the template or the server.** Use expressions like
    `items.length` or `status == 'active'`. Compute complex values server-side.
 3. **The server is the source of truth for the initial render.** The client
@@ -905,7 +906,8 @@ Full detail: [Routing](/guide/concepts/routing).
 
 **Path resolution:** `title`, `user.name`, `items.0.label`, `items.length`
 
-**Missing paths:** text bindings render empty, `<if>` evaluates false. No error.
+**Missing paths:** text bindings render empty. In conditions, a missing
+identifier is falsy, so `path` is false and `!path` is true. No error.
 
 **Route-scoped state.** Each route handler should return only the keys that
 route's template binds to. Sending full app state on every route wastes
diff --git a/docs/guide/concepts/best-practices.md b/docs/guide/concepts/best-practices.md
index 8ccd3e9b1..2fb94dab6 100644
--- a/docs/guide/concepts/best-practices.md
+++ b/docs/guide/concepts/best-practices.md
@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ This page covers proven patterns and common pitfalls when building WebUI applica
 
 ## SSR State Completeness
 
-Every binding in your template must have a corresponding key in the server state JSON. The handler resolves bindings by looking up keys - if a key is missing, the binding renders empty or the condition evaluates to false.
+Every binding in your template should have a corresponding key in the server
+state JSON. The handler resolves bindings by looking up keys. A missing text or
+attribute binding renders empty; a missing condition identifier is a falsy
+operand, so a positive branch is hidden and a negated branch is shown.
 
 **The rule:** check every `{{binding}}`, `<if condition>`, and `<for each>` in your template and ensure the server provides the data.
 
diff --git a/docs/guide/concepts/directives/if.md b/docs/guide/concepts/directives/if.md
index f73b6febd..517c80900 100644
--- a/docs/guide/concepts/directives/if.md
+++ b/docs/guide/concepts/directives/if.md
@@ -84,7 +84,12 @@ collections are the exception - see the note below the table:
 | `"false"` (string) | ⚠️ **Yes** | Non-empty string is truthy! |
 | `[]` (empty array) | ⚠️ Differs | Use `items.length` instead |
 | `{}` (empty object) | ⚠️ Differs | Test a real field instead |
-| `null` / missing | ❌ No | Missing state key |
+| `null` / missing identifier | ❌ No | Missing state key |
+
+A missing identifier is a falsy operand, not a failure of the complete
+expression. Therefore `<if condition="missingPath">` does not render, while
+`<if condition="!missingPath">` does render. This applies to dotted paths in
+loop scopes, such as `!item.optionalFlag`.
 
 <webui-blockquote appearance="warning" title="Warning" icon="⚠️">
 
diff --git a/docs/guide/concepts/how-it-works.md b/docs/guide/concepts/how-it-works.md
index 7dfc15f8e..503b8732b 100644
--- a/docs/guide/concepts/how-it-works.md
+++ b/docs/guide/concepts/how-it-works.md
@@ -119,7 +119,11 @@ Understanding the relationship between server and client is critical for buildin
 
 ### The server is the source of truth for the initial render
 
-Every value bound in a template - `{{expression}}`, `<for each="item in items">`, `<if condition="expr">` - must have a corresponding key in the server state JSON. The handler resolves bindings by looking up keys in this JSON object. If a key is missing, the binding renders empty or the condition evaluates to false.
+Every value bound in a template - `{{expression}}`, `<for each="item in items">`,
+`<if condition="expr">` - should have a corresponding key in the server state
+JSON. The handler resolves bindings by looking up keys in this object. Missing
+text and attribute bindings render empty. A missing condition identifier is a
+falsy operand, so its positive branch is hidden and its negated branch is shown.
 
 ### Derived state belongs in the server or the template
 
diff --git a/docs/guide/concepts/state-management/index.md b/docs/guide/concepts/state-management/index.md
index 0202ac551..6c5adb52c 100644
--- a/docs/guide/concepts/state-management/index.md
+++ b/docs/guide/concepts/state-management/index.md
@@ -39,7 +39,11 @@ The handler resolves paths using `find_value_by_dotted_path`. Supported patterns
 | Array index | `items.0.label` | `"First"` |
 | Array length | `items.length` | `2` |
 
-Paths are resolved at render time. If a path doesn't exist in the state, the Rust handler treats it as a missing value: text and attribute bindings render as empty, and `<if>` conditions using that path evaluate to `false` (the block is not rendered). No error is reported for missing paths by default.
+Paths are resolved at render time. If a path doesn't exist in the state, text
+and attribute bindings render as empty. In conditions, a missing identifier is
+a falsy operand: `<if condition="path">` does not render, while
+`<if condition="!path">` does render. No error is reported for a missing
+identifier path.
 
 ## State in Loops
 
@@ -122,7 +126,11 @@ The `<for>` directive iterates over arrays. Each item should be a self-contained
 
 ### Provide all state upfront
 
-Unlike client-side frameworks that fetch data on mount, WebUI renders in a single pass. The state object should contain everything the template needs for first render. Missing values render as empty output (for text and attribute bindings) or evaluate to `false` (for `<if>` conditions) - no error is reported.
+Unlike client-side frameworks that fetch data on mount, WebUI renders in a
+single pass. The state object should contain everything the template needs for
+first render. Missing values render as empty output for text and attribute
+bindings. A missing condition identifier is falsy before logical operators are
+applied, so its positive branch is hidden and its negated branch is shown.
 
 ```json
 // ✅ Complete - every binding has data
diff --git a/packages/webui-framework/tests/fixtures/repeat-conditional/repeat-conditional.spec.ts b/packages/webui-framework/tests/fixtures/repeat-conditional/repeat-conditional.spec.ts
index 67e4a3793..7b0f201b9 100644
--- a/packages/webui-framework/tests/fixtures/repeat-conditional/repeat-conditional.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/webui-framework/tests/fixtures/repeat-conditional/repeat-conditional.spec.ts
@@ -41,6 +41,34 @@ test.describe('repeat conditional fixture', () => {
     await expect(page.locator('test-repeat-conditional .link').first()).toHaveAttribute('data-href', '/search/shirts');
   });
 
+  test('treats missing top-level and repeat-item paths as falsy operands', async ({ page }) => {
+    const ssr = page.locator('test-repeat-conditional');
+    await expect(ssr.locator('.missing-top-positive')).toHaveCount(0);
+    await expect(ssr.locator('.missing-top-negated')).toHaveText('missing top-level path is falsy');
+    await expect(ssr.locator('.missing-item-positive')).toHaveCount(0);
+    await expect(ssr.locator('.missing-item-negated')).toHaveText(['Shirts', 'Headwear', 'Archived']);
+
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const client = document.createElement('test-repeat-conditional');
+      client.id = 'client-created-missing-paths';
+      document.body.appendChild(client);
+    });
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => {
+      const client = document.querySelector('#client-created-missing-paths');
+      return client && (client as any).$ready === true;
+    });
+
+    const client = page.locator('#client-created-missing-paths');
+    await expect(client.locator('.missing-top-positive')).toHaveCount(0);
+    await expect(client.locator('.missing-top-negated')).toHaveText('missing top-level path is falsy');
+    await expect(client.locator('.missing-item-positive')).toHaveCount(0);
+    await expect(client.locator('.missing-item-negated')).toHaveText(['Shirts', 'Headwear', 'Archived']);
+
+    await client.locator('.switch').click();
+    await expect(client.locator('.missing-item-positive')).toHaveCount(0);
+    await expect(client.locator('.missing-item-negated')).toHaveText(['Shirts', 'Headwear', 'Archived']);
+  });
+
   test('re-evaluates repeat conditionals and boolean attrs on subsequent updates', async ({ page }) => {
     await page.locator('test-repeat-conditional .load').click();
     await page.locator('test-repeat-conditional .switch').click();
diff --git a/packages/webui-framework/tests/fixtures/repeat-conditional/src/test-repeat-conditional/test-repeat-conditional.html b/packages/webui-framework/tests/fixtures/repeat-conditional/src/test-repeat-conditional/test-repeat-conditional.html
index c0be95b1a..418010d8f 100644
--- a/packages/webui-framework/tests/fixtures/repeat-conditional/src/test-repeat-conditional/test-repeat-conditional.html
+++ b/packages/webui-framework/tests/fixtures/repeat-conditional/src/test-repeat-conditional/test-repeat-conditional.html
@@ -3,9 +3,21 @@
   <button class="switch" @click="{switchItems()}">Switch</button>
   <span class="selected-title">{{selectedTitle}}</span>
 </div>
+<if condition="missingTopLevel">
+  <span class="missing-top-positive">unexpected</span>
+</if>
+<if condition="!missingTopLevel">
+  <span class="missing-top-negated">missing top-level path is falsy</span>
+</if>
 <ul class="items">
   <for each="item in items">
     <li>
+      <if condition="item.searchPresentation">
+        <span class="missing-item-positive">{{item.title}}</span>
+      </if>
+      <if condition="!item.searchPresentation">
+        <span class="missing-item-negated">{{item.title}}</span>
+      </if>
       <if condition="item.activeClass == 'active'">
         <p class="current" data-href="{{item.href}}">{{item.title}}</p>
       </if>