diff --git a/src/components/_shared/overlayPosition.ts b/src/components/_shared/overlayPosition.ts
index 5e3ea960..8fc472a4 100644
--- a/src/components/_shared/overlayPosition.ts
+++ b/src/components/_shared/overlayPosition.ts
@@ -103,16 +103,18 @@ export const resolveOverlayAnchorRect = (
 export const createOverlayPosition = (
   options: CreateOverlayPositionOptions,
 ) => {
-  const [style, setStyle] = createSignal<JSX.CSSProperties>({
-    visibility: "hidden",
-  });
+  // Visibility belongs to each overlay component's `data-open` CSS contract.
+  // Positioning must never write an inline visibility override: portal refs can
+  // settle after the open signal, and an override left behind here makes a
+  // semantically open Select or Popover impossible to see or operate.
+  const [style, setStyle] = createSignal<JSX.CSSProperties>({});
   const [resolvedPlacement, setResolvedPlacement] =
     createSignal<OverlayPlacement>(options.placement());
 
   createTrackedEffect(() => {
     if (!options.open()) {
       setResolvedPlacement(options.placement());
-      setStyle({ visibility: "hidden" });
+      setStyle({});
       return;
     }
 
@@ -215,10 +217,8 @@ export const createOverlayPosition = (
       frame = requestAnimationFrame(update);
     };
 
-    // Opening must make the overlay paint in the same reactive turn. Keeping
-    // the initial inline `visibility: hidden` until requestAnimationFrame
-    // overrides the component's `[data-open="true"]` CSS and leaves a valid
-    // select or popover invisible whenever the next frame is delayed.
+    // Opening must position the overlay in the same reactive turn. Visibility
+    // is intentionally absent from this style object; data-open CSS owns it.
     update();
 
     window.addEventListener("resize", schedule);
diff --git a/tests/components/popover/Popover.anchor.test.ts b/tests/components/popover/Popover.anchor.test.ts
index 96b865d4..303bd064 100644
--- a/tests/components/popover/Popover.anchor.test.ts
+++ b/tests/components/popover/Popover.anchor.test.ts
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ describe("Popover virtual anchoring", () => {
     expect(resolveOverlayAnchorRect(trigger, undefined)).toBe(triggerRect);
   });
 
-  it("removes the hidden inline style before the next animation frame", async () => {
+  it("never overrides the component visibility contract", async () => {
     const requestFrame = mock(() => 1);
     Object.defineProperty(globalThis, "window", {
       configurable: true,
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ describe("Popover virtual anchoring", () => {
         offset: () => 6,
       });
 
-      expect(position.style()).toEqual({ visibility: "hidden" });
+      expect(position.style()).toEqual({});
       setOpen(true);
       await Promise.resolve();
       expect(position.style()).toMatchObject({
@@ -103,4 +103,61 @@ describe("Popover virtual anchoring", () => {
       dispose();
     });
   });
+
+  it("stays visibility-safe while a portal ref settles after opening", async () => {
+    Object.defineProperty(globalThis, "window", {
+      configurable: true,
+      value: {
+        innerWidth: 800,
+        innerHeight: 600,
+        addEventListener: mock(() => {}),
+        removeEventListener: mock(() => {}),
+      },
+    });
+    Object.defineProperty(globalThis, "requestAnimationFrame", {
+      configurable: true,
+      value: mock(() => 1),
+    });
+    Object.defineProperty(globalThis, "cancelAnimationFrame", {
+      configurable: true,
+      value: mock(() => {}),
+    });
+
+    await createRoot(async (dispose) => {
+      const [open, setOpen] = createSignal(false);
+      const [overlay, setOverlay] = createSignal<HTMLElement>();
+      const position = createOverlayPosition({
+        open,
+        triggerRef: () => undefined,
+        anchorRect: () => virtualRect,
+        overlayRef: overlay,
+        placement: () => "bottom",
+        offset: () => 6,
+      });
+
+      setOpen(true);
+      await Promise.resolve();
+      expect(position.style()).toEqual({});
+
+      setOverlay({
+        getBoundingClientRect: () => ({
+          top: 0,
+          left: 0,
+          width: 160,
+          height: 120,
+          right: 160,
+          bottom: 120,
+        }),
+      } as HTMLElement);
+      await Promise.resolve();
+
+      expect(position.style()).toMatchObject({
+        position: "fixed",
+        top: "56px",
+        left: "8px",
+      });
+      expect(position.style()).not.toHaveProperty("visibility");
+      dispose();
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/tests/qa-harness/rsbuild.config.ts b/tests/qa-harness/rsbuild.config.ts
index 57cef283..5beb99de 100644
--- a/tests/qa-harness/rsbuild.config.ts
+++ b/tests/qa-harness/rsbuild.config.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
  * the working tree rather than the last publish.
  */
 import { defineConfig } from "@rsbuild/core";
-import { pluginSolid } from "@rsbuild/plugin-solid";
 import { pluginBabel } from "@rsbuild/plugin-babel";
 import { pluginSolidLayoutsApplication } from "rsbuild-plugin-solid-layouts";
 import { resolve } from "node:path";
@@ -19,13 +18,27 @@ export default defineConfig({
     // compiles `*.layout.tsx` sources; this one wires `solid-layouts` for a
     // consumer, which is what the harness is.
     pluginSolidLayoutsApplication(),
-    pluginBabel({ include: /\.(?:jsx|tsx)$/ }),
-    // `moduleName`/`generate` for the same reason `rslib.config.ts` sets them:
-    // `@rsbuild/plugin-solid` resolves a nested Solid 1 preset whose transform
-    // emits `solid-js/web`, a subpath Solid 2 dropped. Without this the harness
-    // builds and then fails to resolve at runtime.
-    pluginSolid({
-      solidPresetOptions: { moduleName: "@solidjs/web", generate: "dom" },
+    /*
+     * Babel does the Solid transform; `@rsbuild/plugin-solid` is deliberately
+     * absent. It injects solid-refresh, whose `$component` wrapper calls
+     * `createSignal(component)` — and Solid 2 reads a function initialiser as a
+     * derivation, so it builds a computed that needs an owner. Every harness
+     * page rendered an empty body and reported "Cannot read properties of
+     * undefined (reading 'spec')": the component was being invoked with no
+     * props at all.
+     *
+     * `moduleName` stays for the original reason — the transform must emit
+     * `@solidjs/web`, since Solid 2 dropped the `solid-js/web` subpath.
+     */
+    pluginBabel({
+      include: /\.(?:jsx|tsx)$/,
+      babelLoaderOptions: (config) => {
+        config.presets ??= [];
+        config.presets.push([
+          "babel-preset-solid",
+          { moduleName: "@solidjs/web", generate: "dom" },
+        ]);
+      },
     }),
   ],
   /*