diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/com/sun/crypto/provider/PBKDF2KeyImpl.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/com/sun/crypto/provider/PBKDF2KeyImpl.java
index 43f0bf448010..c8cfa35f41b3 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/com/sun/crypto/provider/PBKDF2KeyImpl.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/com/sun/crypto/provider/PBKDF2KeyImpl.java
@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
                       prf.getAlgorithm().toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH).hashCode();
                 }
                 @Override
+                @Pure
                 public boolean equals(Object obj) {
                     if (this == obj) return true;
                     if (this.getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/FileSystem.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/FileSystem.java
index 559f38a1c460..11d62fc17c2d 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/FileSystem.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/FileSystem.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import org.checkerframework.checker.index.qual.IndexOrHigh;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.interning.qual.UsesObjectEquals;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.signedness.qual.SignedPositive;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Native;
@@ -242,6 +243,7 @@ public abstract boolean createFileExclusively(String pathname)
     /**
      * Compare two abstract pathnames lexicographically.
      */
+    @Pure
     public abstract int compare(File f1, File f2);
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/InvalidClassException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/InvalidClassException.java
index 019d16e87b79..bf70b7be9a15 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/InvalidClassException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/InvalidClassException.java
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ public InvalidClassException(String cname, @Nullable String reason, @Nullable Th
     /**
      * Produce the message and include the classname, if present.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     @Override
     public String getMessage() {
         if (classname == null)
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/ObjectStreamClass.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/ObjectStreamClass.java
index b61adb2344a2..bf8e58420d02 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/ObjectStreamClass.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/ObjectStreamClass.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import org.checkerframework.checker.lock.qual.GuardSatisfied;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.signature.qual.BinaryName;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
@@ -1779,6 +1780,7 @@ private static long computeDefaultSUID(Class<?> cl) {
                 fieldSigs[i] = new MemberSignature(fields[i]);
             }
             Arrays.sort(fieldSigs, new Comparator<>() {
+                @Pure
                 public int compare(MemberSignature ms1, MemberSignature ms2) {
                     return ms1.name.compareTo(ms2.name);
                 }
@@ -1810,6 +1812,7 @@ public int compare(MemberSignature ms1, MemberSignature ms2) {
                 consSigs[i] = new MemberSignature(cons[i]);
             }
             Arrays.sort(consSigs, new Comparator<>() {
+                @Pure
                 public int compare(MemberSignature ms1, MemberSignature ms2) {
                     return ms1.signature.compareTo(ms2.signature);
                 }
@@ -1833,6 +1836,7 @@ public int compare(MemberSignature ms1, MemberSignature ms2) {
                 methSigs[i] = new MemberSignature(methods[i]);
             }
             Arrays.sort(methSigs, new Comparator<>() {
+                @Pure
                 public int compare(MemberSignature ms1, MemberSignature ms2) {
                     int comp = ms1.name.compareTo(ms2.name);
                     if (comp == 0) {
@@ -2166,6 +2170,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
             return hash;
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             return obj == this ||
                    obj instanceof FieldReflectorKey other &&
@@ -2294,6 +2299,7 @@ public final int hashCode() {
             }
 
             @Override
+            @Pure
             public final boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
                 if (!(obj instanceof Key other)) return false;
                 int n = length();
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/OptionalDataException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/OptionalDataException.java
index e62169b36fd9..f2877d784a2a 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/OptionalDataException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/OptionalDataException.java
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
  */
 package java.io;
 
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 /**
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ public class OptionalDataException extends ObjectStreamException {
     /*
      * Create an {@code OptionalDataException} with a length.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     OptionalDataException(int len) {
         eof = false;
         length = len;
@@ -64,6 +66,7 @@ public class OptionalDataException extends ObjectStreamException {
      * Create an {@code OptionalDataException} signifying no
      * more primitive data is available.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     OptionalDataException(boolean end) {
         length = 0;
         eof = end;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/UncheckedIOException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/UncheckedIOException.java
index 95df66d87efd..770cbd8bdbe0 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/UncheckedIOException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/UncheckedIOException.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 package java.io;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ public UncheckedIOException(IOException cause) {
      *
      * @return  the {@code IOException} which is the cause of this exception.
      */
+    @Pure
     @Override
     public IOException getCause() {
         return (IOException) super.getCause();
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/WriteAbortedException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/WriteAbortedException.java
index 8df49ea0d7e3..af7ea04b5581 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/WriteAbortedException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/io/WriteAbortedException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package java.io;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ public WriteAbortedException(@Nullable String s, @Nullable Exception ex) {
      * Produce the message and include the message from the nested
      * exception, if there is one.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         if (detail == null)
             return super.getMessage();
@@ -88,6 +90,7 @@ public String getMessage() {
      *          which may be null.
      * @since   1.4
      */
+    @Pure
     @Override
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return detail;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Class.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Class.java
index 4353f31e9d74..23e592999c26 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Class.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Class.java
@@ -333,6 +333,7 @@ public String toString(@GuardSatisfied Class<T> this) {
      *
      * @since 1.8
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String toGenericString() {
         if (isPrimitive()) {
             return toString();
@@ -439,6 +440,7 @@ static String typeVarBounds(TypeVariable<?> typeVar) {
      */
     @ForName
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public static Class<?> forName(@ClassGetName String className)
                 throws ClassNotFoundException {
         Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
@@ -447,6 +449,7 @@ public static Class<?> forName(@ClassGetName String className)
 
     // Caller-sensitive adapter method for reflective invocation
     @CallerSensitiveAdapter
+    @SideEffectFree
     private static Class<?> forName(String className, Class<?> caller)
             throws ClassNotFoundException {
         ClassLoader loader = (caller == null) ? ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()
@@ -523,6 +526,7 @@ private static Class<?> forName(String className, Class<?> caller)
      * @since     1.2
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public static Class<?> forName(@ClassGetName String name, boolean initialize,
                                    @Nullable ClassLoader loader)
         throws ClassNotFoundException
@@ -540,6 +544,7 @@ public static Class<?> forName(@ClassGetName String name, boolean initialize,
 
     // Caller-sensitive adapter method for reflective invocation
     @CallerSensitiveAdapter
+    @SideEffectFree
     private static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize, ClassLoader loader, Class<?> caller)
             throws ClassNotFoundException
     {
@@ -614,6 +619,7 @@ private static native Class<?> forName0(String name, boolean initialize,
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public static Class<?> forName(Module module, String name) {
         Class<?> caller = null;
         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
@@ -626,6 +632,7 @@ public static Class<?> forName(Module module, String name) {
     // Caller-sensitive adapter method for reflective invocation
     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
     @CallerSensitiveAdapter
+    @SideEffectFree
     private static Class<?> forName(Module module, String name, Class<?> caller) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(module);
         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
@@ -707,6 +714,7 @@ private static Class<?> forName(Module module, String name, Class<?> caller) {
     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
     @CallerSensitive
     @Deprecated(since="9")
+    @SideEffectFree
     public @NonNull T newInstance()
         throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
     {
@@ -1037,6 +1045,7 @@ public boolean isSynthetic(@GuardSatisfied Class<T> this) {
      *
      * @since 9
      */
+    @Pure
     public Module getModule() {
         return module;
     }
@@ -1053,6 +1062,7 @@ public Module getModule() {
     private transient Object classData;
 
     // package-private
+    @Pure
     Object getClassData() {
         return classData;
     }
@@ -1072,6 +1082,7 @@ Object getClassData() {
      *     <cite>The Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
      * @since 1.5
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
@@ -1128,6 +1139,7 @@ public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
      * @return the direct superclass of the class represented by this {@code Class} object
      * @since 1.5
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public @Nullable Type getGenericSuperclass() {
         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
         if (info == null) {
@@ -1189,6 +1201,7 @@ public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
      * @since 9
      * @jls 6.7 Fully Qualified Names
      */
+    @Pure
     public @DotSeparatedIdentifiers String getPackageName() {
         String pn = this.packageName;
         if (pn == null) {
@@ -1324,6 +1337,7 @@ private Class<?>[] getInterfaces(boolean cloneArray) {
      * @return an array of interfaces directly implemented by this class
      * @since 1.5
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Type[] getGenericInterfaces() {
         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
         return (info == null) ?  getInterfaces() : info.getSuperInterfaces();
@@ -1432,6 +1446,7 @@ private Class<?> elementType() {
      * @jvms 4.7.6 The InnerClasses Attribute
      * @since 20
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
         // Location.CLASS allows SUPER and AccessFlag.MODULE which
         // INNER_CLASS forbids. INNER_CLASS allows PRIVATE, PROTECTED,
@@ -1455,6 +1470,7 @@ public Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
      *          a primitive type or void.
      * @since   1.1
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public native Object @Nullable [] getSigners();
 
 
@@ -1501,6 +1517,7 @@ public Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
      * @since 1.5
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public @Nullable Method getEnclosingMethod() throws SecurityException {
         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
 
@@ -1659,6 +1676,7 @@ private static Class<?> toClass(Type o) {
      * @since 1.5
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public @Nullable Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor() throws SecurityException {
         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
 
@@ -1725,6 +1743,7 @@ private static Class<?> toClass(Type o) {
      * @since 1.1
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Class<?> getDeclaringClass() throws SecurityException {
         final Class<?> candidate = getDeclaringClass0();
 
@@ -1739,6 +1758,7 @@ private static Class<?> toClass(Type o) {
         return candidate;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     private native Class<?> getDeclaringClass0();
 
 
@@ -1810,6 +1830,7 @@ private static Class<?> toClass(Type o) {
      * @return the simple name of the underlying class
      * @since 1.5
      */
+    @Pure
     public @ClassGetSimpleName String getSimpleName() {
         if (isUnnamedClass()) {
             return "";
@@ -1840,6 +1861,7 @@ private String getSimpleName0() {
      * @return an informative string for the name of this class or interface
      * @since 1.8
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getTypeName() {
         if (isArray()) {
             try {
@@ -1882,6 +1904,7 @@ public String getTypeName() {
      * @jls 6.7 Fully Qualified Names and Canonical Names
      * @since 1.5
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable @CanonicalName String getCanonicalName() {
         if (isUnnamedClass()) {
             return null;
@@ -1934,6 +1957,7 @@ private String getCanonicalName0() {
      */
     @PreviewFeature(feature=PreviewFeature.Feature.UNNAMED_CLASSES,
                     reflective=true)
+    @Pure
     public boolean isUnnamedClass() {
         return PreviewFeatures.isEnabled() && isSynthetic()
                                            && isTopLevelClass()
@@ -2056,6 +2080,7 @@ private boolean hasEnclosingMethodInfo() {
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Class<?>[] getClasses() {
         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
         if (sm != null) {
@@ -2125,6 +2150,7 @@ public Class<?>[] run() {
      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException {
         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
@@ -2216,6 +2242,7 @@ public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException {
      * @since 1.1
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException {
         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
@@ -2258,6 +2285,7 @@ public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException {
      * @since 1.1
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException {
         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
@@ -2311,6 +2339,7 @@ public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException {
      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Field getField(String name)
         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
@@ -2421,7 +2450,7 @@ public Field getField(String name)
      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
      * @since 1.1
      */
-    @Pure
+    @SideEffectFree
     @GetMethod
     @CallerSensitive
     public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?> @Nullable ... parameterTypes)
@@ -2472,7 +2501,7 @@ public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?> @Nullable ... parameterTypes)
      * @since 1.1
      */
     @GetConstructor
-    @Pure
+    @SideEffectFree
     @CallerSensitive
     public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
@@ -2524,6 +2553,7 @@ public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
      * @jls 8.5 Member Type Declarations
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses() throws SecurityException {
         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
@@ -2577,6 +2607,7 @@ public Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses() throws SecurityException {
      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException {
         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
@@ -2639,6 +2670,7 @@ public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException {
      * @since 16
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public RecordComponent[] getRecordComponents() {
         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
@@ -2711,6 +2743,7 @@ public RecordComponent[] getRecordComponents() {
      * @since 1.1
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException {
         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
@@ -2762,6 +2795,7 @@ public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException {
      * @jls 8.8 Constructor Declarations
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException {
         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
@@ -2813,6 +2847,7 @@ public Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException {
      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Field getDeclaredField(String name)
         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
@@ -2880,6 +2915,7 @@ public Field getDeclaredField(String name)
      */
     @GetMethod
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
@@ -2905,6 +2941,7 @@ public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
      * @return the list of {@code Method} objects for the public methods of
      *         this class matching the specified name and parameters
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     List<Method> getDeclaredPublicMethods(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
         Method[] methods = privateGetDeclaredMethods(/* publicOnly */ true);
         ReflectionFactory factory = getReflectionFactory();
@@ -2962,6 +2999,7 @@ List<Method> getDeclaredPublicMethods(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
      * @since 1.1
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
     {
@@ -3127,6 +3165,7 @@ public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
      * @revised 9
      */
     @CallerSensitive
+    @SideEffectFree
     public @Nullable URL getResource(String name) {
         name = resolveName(name);
 
@@ -3211,6 +3250,7 @@ private boolean isOpenToCaller(String name, Class<?> caller) {
      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
      * @since 1.2
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain() {
         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
@@ -4033,6 +4073,7 @@ private static ReflectionFactory getReflectionFactory() {
      * @since 1.5
      * @jls 8.9.1 Enum Constants
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public @NonNull T @Nullable [] getEnumConstants() {
         T[] values = getEnumConstantsShared();
         return (values != null) ? values.clone() : null;
@@ -4110,6 +4151,7 @@ public Void run() {
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     @IntrinsicCandidate
+    @SideEffectFree
     public @PolyNull @Signed T cast(@PolyNull Object obj) {
         if (obj != null && !isInstance(obj))
             throw new ClassCastException(cannotCastMsg(obj));
@@ -4143,6 +4185,7 @@ private String cannotCastMsg(Object obj) {
      * @since 1.5
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @SideEffectFree
     public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {
         if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(this))
             return (Class<? extends U>) this;
@@ -4160,6 +4203,7 @@ public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {
      */
     @Override
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Pure
     public <A extends Annotation> @Nullable A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
 
@@ -4186,6 +4230,7 @@ public boolean isAnnotationPresent(@GuardSatisfied Class<T> this, @GuardSatisfie
      * @since 1.8
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
 
@@ -4203,6 +4248,7 @@ public <A extends Annotation> A[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass)
      * @since 1.5
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().annotations);
     }
@@ -4217,6 +4263,7 @@ public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
      */
     @Override
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Pure
     public <A extends Annotation> @Nullable A getDeclaredAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
 
@@ -4232,6 +4279,7 @@ public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
      * @since 1.8
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
 
@@ -4247,6 +4295,7 @@ public <A extends Annotation> A[] getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotati
      * @since 1.5
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().declaredAnnotations);
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Enum.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Enum.java
index 967fa47b1db0..c898b951d458 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Enum.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Enum.java
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ public abstract class Enum<E extends Enum<E>>
      *
      * @return the ordinal of this enumeration constant
      */
+    @Pure
     public final @NonNegative int ordinal() {
         return ordinal;
     }
@@ -233,6 +234,7 @@ protected final Object clone(@GuardSatisfied Enum<E> this) throws CloneNotSuppor
      * method is the order in which the constants are declared.
      */
     @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes"})
+    @Pure
     public final int compareTo(@UnknownKeyFor @Tainted E o) {
         Enum<?> other = o;
         Enum<E> self = this;
@@ -254,6 +256,7 @@ public final int compareTo(@UnknownKeyFor @Tainted E o) {
      * @return the Class object corresponding to this enum constant's
      *     enum type
      */
+    @Pure
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     public final Class<@Tainted E> getDeclaringClass() {
         Class<?> clazz = getClass();
@@ -270,6 +273,7 @@ public final int compareTo(@UnknownKeyFor @Tainted E o) {
      * @since 12
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public final Optional<EnumDesc<E>> describeConstable() {
         return getDeclaringClass()
                 .describeConstable()
@@ -303,6 +307,7 @@ public final Optional<EnumDesc<E>> describeConstable() {
      *         is null
      * @since 1.5
      */
+    @Pure
     public static <T extends Enum<T>> @PolyValue T valueOf(Class<T> enumClass,
                                                 @PolyValue String name) {
         T result = enumClass.enumConstantDirectory().get(name);
@@ -373,6 +378,7 @@ private EnumDesc(ClassDesc constantClass, String constantName) {
          * @jvms 4.2.2 Unqualified Names
          * @since 12
          */
+        @SideEffectFree
         public static<E extends Enum<E>> EnumDesc<E> of(ClassDesc enumClass,
                                                         String constantName) {
             return new EnumDesc<>(enumClass, constantName);
@@ -380,11 +386,13 @@ public static<E extends Enum<E>> EnumDesc<E> of(ClassDesc enumClass,
 
         @Override
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        @Pure
         public E resolveConstantDesc(MethodHandles.Lookup lookup)
                 throws ReflectiveOperationException {
             return Enum.valueOf((Class<E>) constantType().resolveConstantDesc(lookup), constantName());
         }
 
+        @SideEffectFree
         @Override
         public String toString() {
             return String.format("EnumDesc[%s.%s]", constantType().displayName(), constantName());
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/NullPointerException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/NullPointerException.java
index c63c9bf7933c..0c17de328c51 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/NullPointerException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/NullPointerException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package java.lang;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
@@ -113,6 +114,7 @@ public synchronized Throwable fillInStackTrace() {
      *
      * @return the detail message string, which may be {@code null}.
      */
+    @Pure
     public String getMessage() {
         String message = super.getMessage();
         if (message == null) {
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/NumberFormatException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/NumberFormatException.java
index c6e3607a41e4..d37b25a8386c 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/NumberFormatException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/NumberFormatException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package java.lang;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 /**
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ public class NumberFormatException extends IllegalArgumentException {
     /**
      * Constructs a {@code NumberFormatException} with no detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public NumberFormatException () {
         super();
     }
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ public NumberFormatException () {
      *
      * @param   s   the detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public NumberFormatException (@Nullable String s) {
         super (s);
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/ProcessBuilder.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/ProcessBuilder.java
index ab47968266b7..73a4e5ce93b4 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/ProcessBuilder.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/ProcessBuilder.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import org.checkerframework.checker.mustcall.qual.MustCall;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.tainting.qual.Untainted;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import jdk.internal.util.OperatingSystem;
@@ -680,6 +681,7 @@ public String toString() {
          * instances of the same type associated with non-null equal
          * {@code File} instances.
          */
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj == this)
                 return true;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/ProcessHandleImpl.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/ProcessHandleImpl.java
index 0aaa9f349a49..e33840c6cb29 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/ProcessHandleImpl.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/ProcessHandleImpl.java
@@ -531,6 +531,7 @@ public ProcessHandle.Info info() {
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(ProcessHandle other) {
         return Long.compare(pid, ((ProcessHandleImpl) other).pid);
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Record.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Record.java
index 604978b5ac9b..27a574de0e9c 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Record.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Record.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import org.checkerframework.checker.lock.qual.GuardSatisfied;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.signedness.qual.UnknownSignedness;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 
 /**
  * This is the common base class of all Java language record classes.
@@ -144,6 +145,7 @@ protected Record() {}
      *          argument; {@code false} otherwise.
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public abstract boolean equals(@GuardSatisfied Record this, @GuardSatisfied @Nullable Object obj);
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Runtime.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Runtime.java
index 1928ecea698d..f1e20b4804b4 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Runtime.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Runtime.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import org.checkerframework.checker.interning.qual.UsesObjectEquals;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.tainting.qual.Untainted;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.TerminatesExecution;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
@@ -1362,6 +1363,7 @@ public Optional<String> optional() {
          *          If the given object is {@code null}
          */
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public int compareTo(Version obj) {
             return compare(obj, false);
         }
@@ -1391,6 +1393,7 @@ public int compareToIgnoreOptional(Version obj) {
             return compare(obj, true);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         private int compare(Version obj, boolean ignoreOpt) {
             if (obj == null)
                 throw new NullPointerException();
@@ -1516,6 +1519,7 @@ public String toString() {
          *
          */
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             boolean ret = equalsIgnoreOptional(obj);
             if (!ret)
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/StringBuffer.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/StringBuffer.java
index eddd4aa36513..87a16fa0265b 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/StringBuffer.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/StringBuffer.java
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ public final class StringBuffer
      *
      * @since 11
      */
-    @SideEffectFree
+    @Pure
     @Override
     public synchronized int compareTo(StringBuffer another) {
         return super.compareTo(another);
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/StringBuilder.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/StringBuilder.java
index ba246317b5b2..2aaa29eb4a8a 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/StringBuilder.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/StringBuilder.java
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ public StringBuilder(CharSequence seq) {
      *
      * @since 11
      */
-    @SideEffectFree
+    @Pure
     @Override
     public int compareTo(StringBuilder another) {
         return super.compareTo(another);
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/StringUTF16.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/StringUTF16.java
index 64916fa73125..056045cb753a 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/StringUTF16.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/StringUTF16.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 package java.lang;
 
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectsOnly;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -1374,6 +1375,7 @@ public static int getChars(long l, int begin, int end, byte[] value) {
         return pos;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public static boolean contentEquals(byte[] v1, byte[] v2, int len) {
         checkBoundsOffCount(0, len, v2);
         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
@@ -1384,6 +1386,7 @@ public static boolean contentEquals(byte[] v1, byte[] v2, int len) {
         return true;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public static boolean contentEquals(byte[] value, CharSequence cs, int len) {
         checkOffset(len, value);
         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Throwable.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Throwable.java
index 94b262351c64..3fc171d876d5 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Throwable.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Throwable.java
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ protected Throwable(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause,
      * @return  The localized description of this throwable.
      * @since   1.1
      */
-    @SideEffectFree
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable String getLocalizedMessage(@GuardSatisfied Throwable this) {
         return getMessage();
     }
@@ -871,6 +871,7 @@ public synchronized Throwable fillInStackTrace() {
      *         pertaining to this throwable.
      * @since  1.4
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public StackTraceElement[] getStackTrace() {
         return getOurStackTrace().clone();
     }
@@ -1145,6 +1146,7 @@ public final synchronized void addSuppressed(Throwable exception) {
      *         suppressed to deliver this exception.
      * @since 1.7
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public final synchronized Throwable[] getSuppressed() {
         if (suppressedExceptions == SUPPRESSED_SENTINEL ||
             suppressedExceptions == null)
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/WeakPairMap.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/WeakPairMap.java
index a570acf577bc..ba42a9b213f0 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/WeakPairMap.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/WeakPairMap.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.PolyNull;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 
 import java.lang.ref.Reference;
 import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
@@ -292,6 +293,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
             }
 
             @Override
+            @Pure
             public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
                 return this == obj ||
                        (obj instanceof Pair &&
@@ -333,6 +335,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
             }
 
             @Override
+            @Pure
             public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
                 return obj instanceof Pair &&
                        Pair.equals(k1, k2, (Pair<?, ?>) obj);
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/annotation/Annotation.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/annotation/Annotation.java
index 9ec974ad96c6..28e5a91f51b8 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/annotation/Annotation.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/annotation/Annotation.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 package java.lang.annotation;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 /**
@@ -82,6 +84,7 @@ public interface Annotation {
      * @return true if the specified object represents an annotation
      *     that is logically equivalent to this one, otherwise false
      */
+    @Pure
     boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj);
 
     /**
@@ -116,6 +119,7 @@ public interface Annotation {
      *
      * @return the hash code of this annotation
      */
+    @Pure
     int hashCode();
 
     /**
@@ -128,6 +132,7 @@ public interface Annotation {
      *
      * @return a string representation of this annotation
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     String toString();
 
     /**
@@ -142,5 +147,6 @@ public interface Annotation {
      * @return the annotation interface of this annotation
      * @see Enum#getDeclaringClass
      */
+    @Pure
     Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType();
 }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/constant/ClassDesc.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/constant/ClassDesc.java
index 7f932cb3ea68..25e860694b24 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/constant/ClassDesc.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/constant/ClassDesc.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.signature.qual.FieldDescriptor;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 
 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
 import java.lang.invoke.TypeDescriptor;
@@ -377,5 +378,6 @@ else if (isArray()) {
      * @param o the other object
      * @return whether this descriptor is equal to the other object
      */
+    @Pure
     boolean equals(@Nullable Object o);
 }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/constant/MethodTypeDesc.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/constant/MethodTypeDesc.java
index 0e3841862613..8d2bb5d34e35 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/constant/MethodTypeDesc.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/constant/MethodTypeDesc.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.signature.qual.MethodDescriptor;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 
 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
 import java.lang.invoke.MethodType;
@@ -233,5 +234,6 @@ default String displayDescriptor() {
      * @param o the other object
      * @return whether this descriptor is equal to the other object
      */
+    @Pure
     boolean equals(@Nullable Object o);
 }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm.java
index 1294e07634f1..f3e6ab84e18f 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm.java
@@ -1073,6 +1073,7 @@ String debugString(int indentLevel) {
     public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
         return obj instanceof LambdaForm && equals((LambdaForm)obj);
     }
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(LambdaForm that) {
         if (this.result != that.result)  return false;
         return Arrays.equals(this.names, that.names);
@@ -1152,6 +1153,7 @@ synchronized void resolve() {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
             if (this == other) return true;
             if (other == null) return false;
@@ -1606,6 +1608,7 @@ int useCount(Name n) {
             return count;
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(Name that) {
             if (this == that)  return true;
             if (isParam())
@@ -1618,6 +1621,7 @@ public boolean equals(Name that) {
                 Arrays.equals(this.arguments, that.arguments);
         }
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object x) {
             return x instanceof Name && equals((Name)x);
         }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MemberName.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MemberName.java
index 6d9ad0cc3d3b..be0a320cc741 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MemberName.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MemberName.java
@@ -741,6 +741,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object that) {
      *  two member names resolve to the same actual member, they may
      *  be distinct references.
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(MemberName that) {
         if (this == that)  return true;
         if (that == null)  return false;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleImpl.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleImpl.java
index df5827b4447e..36707f293eb0 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleImpl.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleImpl.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.interning.qual.UsesObjectEquals;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import jdk.internal.access.JavaLangInvokeAccess;
@@ -2176,6 +2177,7 @@ public TableSwitchCacheKey(MethodType basicType, int numberOfCases) {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             if (this == o) return true;
             if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodType.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodType.java
index 02c7b4b208ad..67e23554789a 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodType.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodType.java
@@ -913,6 +913,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object x) {
         return false;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     private boolean equals(MethodType that) {
         return this.rtype == that.rtype
             && Arrays.equals(this.ptypes, that.ptypes);
@@ -1489,6 +1490,7 @@ public WeakEntry(T key, ReferenceQueue<T> queue) {
              * @see Object#equals(Object)
              */
             @Override
+            @Pure
             public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
                 Object mine = get();
                 if (obj instanceof WeakEntry) {
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/module/ModuleDescriptor.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/module/ModuleDescriptor.java
index 9828e81487eb..dabe26ff023e 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/module/ModuleDescriptor.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/module/ModuleDescriptor.java
@@ -299,6 +299,7 @@ public Optional<String> rawCompiledVersion() {
          *         module dependence
          */
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public int compareTo(Requires that) {
             if (this == that) return 0;
 
@@ -341,6 +342,7 @@ public int compareTo(Requires that) {
          *          dependence that is equal to this module dependence
          */
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object ob) {
             return (ob instanceof Requires that)
                     && name.equals(that.name) && mods.equals(that.mods)
@@ -525,6 +527,7 @@ public Set<String> targets() {
          *         export dependence
          */
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public int compareTo(Exports that) {
             if (this == that) return 0;
 
@@ -582,6 +585,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
          *          dependence that is equal to this module dependence
          */
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object ob) {
             return (ob instanceof Exports other)
                     && Objects.equals(this.mods, other.mods)
@@ -749,6 +753,7 @@ public Set<String> targets() {
          *         module {@code Opens}
          */
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public int compareTo(Opens that) {
             if (this == that) return 0;
 
@@ -806,6 +811,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
          *          dependence that is equal to this module dependence
          */
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object ob) {
            return (ob instanceof Opens other)
                    && Objects.equals(this.mods, other.mods)
@@ -887,6 +893,7 @@ private Provides(String service, List<String> providers, boolean unused) {
          *         {@code Provides} is less than, equal to, or greater than
          *         the given {@code Provides}
          */
+        @Pure
         public int compareTo(Provides that) {
             if (this == that) return 0;
 
@@ -940,6 +947,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
          *          {@code Provides} that is equal to this {@code Provides}
          */
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object ob) {
             return (ob instanceof Provides other)
                     && Objects.equals(this.service, other.service)
@@ -1207,6 +1215,7 @@ private int compareTokens(List<Object> ts1, List<Object> ts2) {
          *         given module version
          */
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public int compareTo(Version that) {
             int c = compareTokens(this.sequence, that.sequence);
             if (c != 0) return c;
@@ -1237,6 +1246,7 @@ public int compareTo(Version that) {
          *          reference that is equal to this module reference
          */
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object ob) {
             if (!(ob instanceof Version))
                 return false;
@@ -2259,6 +2269,7 @@ public ModuleDescriptor build() {
      *         module descriptor
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(ModuleDescriptor that) {
         if (this == that) return 0;
 
@@ -2647,6 +2658,7 @@ private static int modsHashCode(Iterable<? extends Enum<?>> enums) {
         return h;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     private static <T extends Object & Comparable<? super T>>
     int compare(T obj1, T obj2) {
         if (obj1 != null) {
@@ -2660,6 +2672,7 @@ int compare(T obj1, T obj2) {
      * Compares two sets of {@code Comparable} objects.
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Pure
     private static <T extends Object & Comparable<? super T>>
     int compare(Set<T> s1, Set<T> s2) {
         T[] a1 = (T[]) s1.toArray();
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Constructor.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Constructor.java
index f53fa5c09643..e719f84f1680 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Constructor.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Constructor.java
@@ -231,6 +231,7 @@ byte[] getAnnotationBytes() {
      * declares the constructor represented by this object.
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public Class<T> getDeclaringClass() {
         return clazz;
     }
@@ -240,6 +241,7 @@ public Class<T> getDeclaringClass() {
      * the binary name of the constructor's declaring class.
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public String getName() {
         return getDeclaringClass().getName();
     }
@@ -249,6 +251,7 @@ public String getName() {
      * @jls 8.8.3 Constructor Modifiers
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int getModifiers() {
         return modifiers;
     }
@@ -260,6 +263,7 @@ public int getModifiers() {
      */
     @Override
     @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+    @SideEffectFree
     public TypeVariable<Constructor<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
       if (getSignature() != null) {
         return (TypeVariable<Constructor<T>>[])getGenericInfo().getTypeParameters();
@@ -282,6 +286,7 @@ Class<?>[] getSharedExceptionTypes() {
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Class<?>[] getParameterTypes() {
         return parameterTypes.clone();
     }
@@ -290,6 +295,7 @@ public Class<?>[] getParameterTypes() {
      * {@inheritDoc}
      * @since 1.8
      */
+    @Pure
     public int getParameterCount() { return parameterTypes.length; }
 
     /**
@@ -300,6 +306,7 @@ public Class<?>[] getParameterTypes() {
      * @since 1.5
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Type[] getGenericParameterTypes() {
         return super.getGenericParameterTypes();
     }
@@ -308,6 +315,7 @@ public Type[] getGenericParameterTypes() {
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Class<?>[] getExceptionTypes() {
         return exceptionTypes.clone();
     }
@@ -321,6 +329,7 @@ public Class<?>[] getExceptionTypes() {
      * @since 1.5
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Type[] getGenericExceptionTypes() {
         return super.getGenericExceptionTypes();
     }
@@ -439,6 +448,7 @@ String toShortString() {
      * @jls 8.9.2 Enum Body Declarations
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String toGenericString() {
         return sharedToGenericString(Modifier.constructorModifiers(), false);
     }
@@ -499,6 +509,7 @@ void specificToGenericStringHeader(StringBuilder sb) {
     @NewInstance
     @CallerSensitive
     @ForceInline // to ensure Reflection.getCallerClass optimization
+    @SideEffectFree
     public @NonNull T newInstance(Object ... initargs)
         throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,
                IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException
@@ -619,6 +630,7 @@ byte[] getRawParameterAnnotations() {
      * @since 1.5
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public <T extends Annotation> @Nullable T getAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass) {
         return super.getAnnotation(annotationClass);
     }
@@ -628,6 +640,7 @@ byte[] getRawParameterAnnotations() {
      * @since 1.5
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
         return super.getDeclaredAnnotations();
     }
@@ -637,6 +650,7 @@ public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
      * @since 1.5
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Annotation[][] getParameterAnnotations() {
         return sharedGetParameterAnnotations(parameterTypes, parameterAnnotations);
     }
@@ -670,6 +684,7 @@ boolean handleParameterNumberMismatch(int resultLength, Class<?>[] parameterType
      * @since 1.8
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType() {
         return getAnnotatedReturnType0(getDeclaringClass());
     }
@@ -679,6 +694,7 @@ public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType() {
      * @since 1.8
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public @Nullable AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReceiverType() {
         Class<?> thisDeclClass = getDeclaringClass();
         Class<?> enclosingClass = thisDeclClass.getEnclosingClass();
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Executable.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Executable.java
index bb7694570c2f..a1494dc782f9 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Executable.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Executable.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 package java.lang.reflect;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
@@ -199,11 +201,13 @@ String sharedToGenericString(int modifierMask, boolean isDefault) {
      * Returns the {@code Class} object representing the class or interface
      * that declares the executable represented by this object.
      */
+    @Pure
     public abstract Class<?> getDeclaringClass();
 
     /**
      * Returns the name of the executable represented by this object.
      */
+    @Pure
     public abstract String getName();
 
     /**
@@ -211,6 +215,7 @@ String sharedToGenericString(int modifierMask, boolean isDefault) {
      * the executable represented by this object}
      * @see #accessFlags
      */
+    @Pure
     public abstract int getModifiers();
 
     /**
@@ -223,6 +228,7 @@ String sharedToGenericString(int modifierMask, boolean isDefault) {
      * @since 20
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
         return AccessFlag.maskToAccessFlags(getModifiers(),
                                             AccessFlag.Location.METHOD);
@@ -242,6 +248,7 @@ public Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
      *     the format specified in
      *     <cite>The Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public abstract TypeVariable<?>[] getTypeParameters();
 
     // returns shared array of parameter types - must never give it out
@@ -264,6 +271,7 @@ public Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
      * @return the parameter types for the executable this object
      * represents
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public abstract Class<?>[] getParameterTypes();
 
     /**
@@ -274,6 +282,7 @@ public Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
      * @return The number of formal parameters for the executable this
      * object represents
      */
+    @Pure
     public abstract int getParameterCount();
 
     /**
@@ -312,6 +321,7 @@ public Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
      *     the underlying executable's parameter types refer to a parameterized
      *     type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Type[] getGenericParameterTypes() {
         if (hasGenericInformation())
             return getGenericInfo().getParameterTypes();
@@ -379,6 +389,7 @@ Type[] getAllGenericParameterTypes() {
      * @throws MalformedParametersException if the class file contains
      * a MethodParameters attribute that is improperly formatted.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Parameter[] getParameters() {
         // TODO: This may eventually need to be guarded by security
         // mechanisms similar to those in Field, Method, etc.
@@ -478,6 +489,7 @@ byte[] getTypeAnnotationBytes() {
      * @return the exception types declared as being thrown by the
      * executable this object represents
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public abstract Class<?>[] getExceptionTypes();
 
     /**
@@ -501,6 +513,7 @@ byte[] getTypeAnnotationBytes() {
      *     the underlying executable's {@code throws} clause refers to a
      *     parameterized type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Type[] getGenericExceptionTypes() {
         Type[] result;
         if (hasGenericInformation() &&
@@ -514,12 +527,14 @@ public Type[] getGenericExceptionTypes() {
      * {@return a string describing this {@code Executable}, including
      * any type parameters}
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public abstract String toGenericString();
 
     /**
      * {@return {@code true} if this executable was declared to take a
      * variable number of arguments; returns {@code false} otherwise}
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isVarArgs()  {
         return (getModifiers() & Modifier.VARARGS) != 0;
     }
@@ -534,6 +549,7 @@ public boolean isVarArgs()  {
      * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
      * @jvms 4.6 Methods
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isSynthetic() {
         return Modifier.isSynthetic(getModifiers());
     }
@@ -569,6 +585,7 @@ public boolean isSynthetic() {
      *    the formal and implicit parameters, in declaration order, of
      *    the executable represented by this object
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public abstract Annotation[][] getParameterAnnotations();
 
     Annotation[][] sharedGetParameterAnnotations(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
@@ -599,6 +616,7 @@ Annotation[][] sharedGetParameterAnnotations(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
      * @throws NullPointerException  {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public <T extends Annotation> @Nullable T getAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
         return annotationClass.cast(declaredAnnotations().get(annotationClass));
@@ -610,6 +628,7 @@ Annotation[][] sharedGetParameterAnnotations(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public <T extends Annotation> T[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<T> annotationClass) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
 
@@ -620,6 +639,7 @@ public <T extends Annotation> T[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<T> annotationClass)
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
         return AnnotationParser.toArray(declaredAnnotations());
     }
@@ -664,6 +684,7 @@ private Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations() {
      * @return an object representing the return type of the method
      * or constructor represented by this {@code Executable}
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public abstract AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType();
 
     /* Helper for subclasses of Executable.
@@ -708,6 +729,7 @@ AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType0(Type returnType) {
      * @jls 8.4.1 Formal Parameters
      * @jls 8.8 Constructor Declarations
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public @Nullable AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReceiverType() {
         if (Modifier.isStatic(this.getModifiers()))
             return null;
@@ -758,6 +780,7 @@ Type parameterize(Class<?> c) {
      * formal parameters of the method or constructor represented by this
      * {@code Executable}
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedParameterTypes() {
         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedTypes(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
                 SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
@@ -782,6 +805,7 @@ public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedParameterTypes() {
      * exceptions of the method or constructor represented by this {@code
      * Executable}
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedExceptionTypes() {
         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedTypes(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
                 SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Field.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Field.java
index ad59c39e0ea9..0f56336f93bf 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Field.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Field.java
@@ -242,6 +242,7 @@ public int getModifiers(@GuardSatisfied Field this) {
      * @since 20
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
         return AccessFlag.maskToAccessFlags(getModifiers(), AccessFlag.Location.FIELD);
     }
@@ -1291,6 +1292,7 @@ private void setOverrideFieldAccessor(FieldAccessor accessor) {
      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
      * @since 1.8
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     @Override
     public <T extends Annotation> T[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<T> annotationClass) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
@@ -1341,6 +1343,7 @@ private Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations() {
      *
      * @since 1.8
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedType() {
         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
                                                        SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/InvocationTargetException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/InvocationTargetException.java
index ae2c22e3252f..ea9f6ca7ddb2 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/InvocationTargetException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/InvocationTargetException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package java.lang.reflect;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
@@ -110,6 +111,7 @@ public InvocationTargetException(@Nullable Throwable target, @Nullable String s)
      * @return  the cause of this exception.
      * @since   1.4
      */
+    @Pure
     @Override
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return target;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Member.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Member.java
index 4f860a160ddf..d3e3c18f480e 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Member.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Member.java
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@
 
 package java.lang.reflect;
 
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
+
 import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
@@ -60,6 +63,7 @@ public interface Member {
      * @return an object representing the declaring class of the
      * underlying member
      */
+    @Pure
     public Class<?> getDeclaringClass();
 
     /**
@@ -68,6 +72,7 @@ public interface Member {
      *
      * @return the simple name of the underlying member
      */
+    @Pure
     public String getName();
 
     /**
@@ -80,6 +85,7 @@ public interface Member {
      * @see Modifier
      * @see #accessFlags()
      */
+    @Pure
     public int getModifiers();
 
 
@@ -93,6 +99,7 @@ public interface Member {
      * @see #getModifiers()
      * @since 20
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public default Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
     }
@@ -106,5 +113,6 @@ public default Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
      * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
      * @since 1.5
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isSynthetic();
 }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Method.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Method.java
index 113ce47f00c0..e7b4e427dcb2 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Method.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Method.java
@@ -109,15 +109,18 @@ public final class Method extends Executable {
     private Method              root;
 
     // Generics infrastructure
+    @Pure
     private String getGenericSignature() {return signature;}
 
     // Accessor for factory
+    @SideEffectFree
     private GenericsFactory getFactory() {
         // create scope and factory
         return CoreReflectionFactory.make(this, MethodScope.make(this));
     }
 
     // Accessor for generic info repository
+    @Pure
     @Override
     MethodRepository getGenericInfo() {
         var genericInfo = this.genericInfo;
@@ -163,6 +166,7 @@ MethodRepository getGenericInfo() {
      * ReflectAccess) which returns a copy of this Method. The copy's
      * "root" field points to this Method.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     Method copy() {
         // This routine enables sharing of MethodAccessor objects
         // among Method objects which refer to the same underlying
@@ -186,6 +190,7 @@ Method copy() {
     /**
      * Make a copy of a leaf method.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     Method leafCopy() {
         if (this.root == null)
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can only leafCopy a non-root Method");
@@ -211,21 +216,25 @@ public void setAccessible(boolean flag) {
     }
 
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     void checkCanSetAccessible(Class<?> caller) {
         checkCanSetAccessible(caller, clazz);
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     Method getRoot() {
         return root;
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     boolean hasGenericInformation() {
         return (getGenericSignature() != null);
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     byte[] getAnnotationBytes() {
         return annotations;
     }
@@ -235,6 +244,7 @@ byte[] getAnnotationBytes() {
      * that declares the method represented by this object.
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() {
         return clazz;
     }
@@ -244,6 +254,7 @@ public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() {
      * object, as a {@code String}.
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public @Interned @Identifier String getName() {
         return name;
     }
@@ -253,6 +264,7 @@ public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() {
      * @jls 8.4.3 Method Modifiers
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int getModifiers() {
         return modifiers;
     }
@@ -265,6 +277,7 @@ public int getModifiers() {
      */
     @Override
     @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+    @SideEffectFree
     public TypeVariable<Method>[] getTypeParameters() {
         if (getGenericSignature() != null)
             return (TypeVariable<Method>[])getGenericInfo().getTypeParameters();
@@ -279,6 +292,7 @@ public TypeVariable<Method>[] getTypeParameters() {
      * @return the return type for the method this object represents
      */
     @CFComment("lock/nullness: never returns null; returns Void instead")
+    @Pure
     public Class<?> getReturnType() {
         return returnType;
     }
@@ -308,6 +322,7 @@ public Class<?> getReturnType() {
      * @since 1.5
      */
     @CFComment("lock/nullness: never returns null; returns Void instead")
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Type getGenericReturnType() {
       if (getGenericSignature() != null) {
         return getGenericInfo().getReturnType();
@@ -315,11 +330,13 @@ public Type getGenericReturnType() {
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     Class<?>[] getSharedParameterTypes() {
         return parameterTypes;
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     Class<?>[] getSharedExceptionTypes() {
         return exceptionTypes;
     }
@@ -328,6 +345,7 @@ Class<?>[] getSharedExceptionTypes() {
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Class<?>[] getParameterTypes() {
         return parameterTypes.clone();
     }
@@ -336,6 +354,7 @@ public Class<?>[] getParameterTypes() {
      * {@inheritDoc}
      * @since 1.8
      */
+    @Pure
     public int getParameterCount() { return parameterTypes.length; }
 
 
@@ -346,6 +365,7 @@ public Class<?>[] getParameterTypes() {
      * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException {@inheritDoc}
      * @since 1.5
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     @Override
     public Type[] getGenericParameterTypes() {
         return super.getGenericParameterTypes();
@@ -355,6 +375,7 @@ public Type[] getGenericParameterTypes() {
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Class<?>[] getExceptionTypes() {
         return exceptionTypes.clone();
     }
@@ -367,6 +388,7 @@ public Class<?>[] getExceptionTypes() {
      * @since 1.5
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Type[] getGenericExceptionTypes() {
         return super.getGenericExceptionTypes();
     }
@@ -444,11 +466,13 @@ void specificToStringHeader(StringBuilder sb) {
     }
 
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     String toShortString() {
         return "method " + getDeclaringClass().getTypeName() +
                 '.' + toShortSignature();
     }
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     String toShortSignature() {
         StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(",", getName() + "(", ")");
         for (Class<?> parameterType : getSharedParameterTypes()) {
@@ -500,6 +524,7 @@ String toShortSignature() {
      * @jls 9.6.1 Annotation Interface Elements
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String toGenericString() {
         return sharedToGenericString(Modifier.methodModifiers(), isDefault());
     }
@@ -635,6 +660,7 @@ private Object invoke(Object obj, Object[] args, Class<?> caller)
     // -1 = initialized, not CS
     @Stable private byte callerSensitive;
 
+    @Pure
     private boolean isCallerSensitive() {
         byte cs = callerSensitive;
         if (cs == 0) {
@@ -729,6 +755,7 @@ public boolean isSynthetic(@GuardSatisfied Method this) {
      * @since 1.8
      * @jls 9.4 Method Declarations
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isDefault() {
         // Default methods are public non-abstract instance methods
         // declared in an interface.
@@ -760,6 +787,7 @@ private MethodAccessor acquireMethodAccessor() {
 
     // Returns MethodAccessor for this Method object, not looking up
     // the chain to the root
+    @Pure
     MethodAccessor getMethodAccessor() {
         return methodAccessor;
     }
@@ -790,6 +818,7 @@ void setMethodAccessor(MethodAccessor accessor) {
      * @since  1.5
      * @jls 9.6.2 Defaults for Annotation Type Elements
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public @Nullable Object getDefaultValue() {
         if  (annotationDefault == null)
             return null;
@@ -814,6 +843,7 @@ void setMethodAccessor(MethodAccessor accessor) {
      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
      * @since 1.5
      */
+    @Pure
     @Override
     public <T extends Annotation> @Nullable T getAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass) {
         return super.getAnnotation(annotationClass);
@@ -823,6 +853,7 @@ void setMethodAccessor(MethodAccessor accessor) {
      * {@inheritDoc}
      * @since 1.5
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     @Override
     public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
         return super.getDeclaredAnnotations();
@@ -833,6 +864,7 @@ public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
      * @since 1.5
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public Annotation[][] getParameterAnnotations() {
         return sharedGetParameterAnnotations(parameterTypes, parameterAnnotations);
     }
@@ -842,6 +874,7 @@ public Annotation[][] getParameterAnnotations() {
      * @since 1.8
      */
     @Override
+    @SideEffectFree
     public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType() {
         return getAnnotatedReturnType0(getGenericReturnType());
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Proxy.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Proxy.java
index 7263f9e38a44..c4ec3ce8cc9a 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Proxy.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Proxy.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package java.lang.reflect;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
@@ -1364,6 +1365,7 @@ static class InvocationException extends ReflectiveOperationException {
         @java.io.Serial
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
 
+        @SideEffectFree
         InvocationException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
             super(cause);
         }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/BigDecimal.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/BigDecimal.java
index f4bc48623616..893a780abf8e 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/BigDecimal.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/BigDecimal.java
@@ -2680,6 +2680,7 @@ public BigDecimal plus(MathContext mc) {
      * @return -1, 0, or 1 as the value of this {@code BigDecimal}
      *         is negative, zero, or positive.
      */
+    @Pure
     public int signum() {
         return (intCompact != INFLATED)?
             Long.signum(intCompact):
@@ -2709,6 +2710,7 @@ public int scale() {
      * @return the precision of this {@code BigDecimal}.
      * @since  1.5
      */
+    @Pure
     public int precision() {
         int result = precision;
         if (result == 0) {
@@ -3135,6 +3137,7 @@ public BigDecimal stripTrailingZeros() {
      *          less than, equal to, or greater than {@code val}.
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(BigDecimal val) {
         // Quick path for equal scale and non-inflated case.
         if (scale == val.scale) {
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/MutableBigInteger.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/MutableBigInteger.java
index 013edee7f270..051914604a8a 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/MutableBigInteger.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/MutableBigInteger.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package java.math;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.interning.qual.UsesObjectEquals;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 /**
@@ -265,6 +266,7 @@ void reset() {
      * as this MutableBigInteger is numerically less than, equal to, or
      * greater than {@code b}.
      */
+    @Pure
     final int compare(MutableBigInteger b) {
         int blen = b.intLen;
         if (intLen < blen)
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/HttpCookie.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/HttpCookie.java
index 273e88c24e7c..3733111d64f9 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/HttpCookie.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/HttpCookie.java
@@ -1117,6 +1117,7 @@ private static String stripOffSurroundingQuote(String str) {
         return str;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     private static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String s, String t) {
         if (s == t) return true;
         if ((s != null) && (t != null)) {
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/Inet6Address.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/Inet6Address.java
index 8910a4028aa8..ee2bbd92f7e7 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/Inet6Address.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/Inet6Address.java
@@ -273,6 +273,7 @@ String getHostAddress() {
             return s;
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             if (!(o instanceof Inet6AddressHolder that)) {
                 return false;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/InetAddress.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/InetAddress.java
index ea69a518bdff..0151efe259aa 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/InetAddress.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/InetAddress.java
@@ -972,6 +972,7 @@ public InetAddress[] get() throws UnknownHostException {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public int compareTo(CachedAddresses other) {
             // natural order is expiry time -
             // compare difference of expiry times rather than
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/URI.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/URI.java
index 48223fd5872e..c740372d7867 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/URI.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/URI.java
@@ -1676,6 +1676,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
      * @throws  ClassCastException
      *          If the given object is not a URI
      */
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(URI that) {
         int c;
 
@@ -1947,6 +1948,7 @@ private static int hashIgnoringCase(int hash, String s) {
         return h;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     private static int compare(String s, String t) {
         boolean testForEquality = false;
         int result = percentNormalizedComparison(s, t, testForEquality);
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/URISyntaxException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/URISyntaxException.java
index 8ab38d52dc5e..f2d2e00635a0 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/URISyntaxException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/URISyntaxException.java
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ public int getIndex() {
      *
      * @return  A string describing the parse error
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
         sb.append(getReason());
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/URLPermission.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/URLPermission.java
index 34fb7c036aa3..0b0f6cadfa78 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/URLPermission.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/URLPermission.java
@@ -583,6 +583,7 @@ private boolean impliesPortrange(Authority that) {
                         thisrange[1] >= thatrange[1];
         }
 
+        @Pure
         boolean equals(Authority that) {
             return this.p.equals(that.p);
         }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/StringCharBuffer.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/StringCharBuffer.java
index e7e582cae230..f9a4f3e462cf 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/StringCharBuffer.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/StringCharBuffer.java
@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object ob) {
                                        thisRem) < 0;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(CharBuffer that) {
         int thisPos = this.position();
         int thisRem = this.limit() - thisPos;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/charset/Charset.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/charset/Charset.java
index 06f850049f60..4acb511897ac 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/charset/Charset.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/charset/Charset.java
@@ -949,6 +949,7 @@ public final ByteBuffer encode(String str) {
      * @return A negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as this charset
      *         is less than, equal to, or greater than the specified charset
      */
+    @Pure
     public final int compareTo(Charset that) {
         return (name().compareToIgnoreCase(that.name()));
     }
@@ -971,6 +972,7 @@ public final int hashCode() {
      * @return  {@code true} if, and only if, this charset is equal to the
      *          given object
      */
+    @Pure
     public final boolean equals(@Nullable Object ob) {
         if (!(ob instanceof Charset))
             return false;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/charset/MalformedInputException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/charset/MalformedInputException.java
index c598297c8a15..1e6276dd2f02 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/charset/MalformedInputException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/charset/MalformedInputException.java
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ public int getInputLength() {
      * Returns the message.
      * @return the message
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         return "Input length = " + inputLength;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/charset/UnmappableCharacterException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/charset/UnmappableCharacterException.java
index e1bcd8a49b4f..d9fc406df218 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/charset/UnmappableCharacterException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/charset/UnmappableCharacterException.java
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ public int getInputLength() {
      * Returns the message.
      * @return the message
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         return "Input length = " + inputLength;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/DirectoryIteratorException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/DirectoryIteratorException.java
index a3d55e97831b..f00fcaab5787 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/DirectoryIteratorException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/DirectoryIteratorException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package java.nio.file;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ public DirectoryIteratorException(IOException cause) {
      *
      * @return  the cause
      */
+    @Pure
     @Override
     public IOException getCause() {
         return (IOException)super.getCause();
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/FileSystemException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/FileSystemException.java
index 1a2db737c441..234b7b60567f 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/FileSystemException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/FileSystemException.java
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ public FileSystemException(@Nullable String file, @Nullable String other, @Nulla
     /**
      * Returns the detail message string.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     @Override
     public @Nullable String getMessage() {
         if (file == null && other == null)
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/Files.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/Files.java
index 829edd4b494c..c5a5fc4ea69c 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/Files.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/Files.java
@@ -1627,6 +1627,7 @@ public static boolean isSameFile(Path path, Path path2) throws IOException {
      * @since 12
      */
     @ReleasesNoLocks
+    @Pure
     public static long mismatch(Path path, Path path2) throws IOException {
         if (isSameFile(path, path2)) {
             return -1;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/InvalidPathException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/InvalidPathException.java
index 730d2535b800..919749259c55 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/InvalidPathException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/InvalidPathException.java
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ public int getIndex() {
      *
      * @return  a string describing the error
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
         sb.append(getReason());
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/attribute/FileTime.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/attribute/FileTime.java
index 9e765aa055a4..af75e179e9c6 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/attribute/FileTime.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/nio/file/attribute/FileTime.java
@@ -345,6 +345,7 @@ private long toExcessNanos(long days) {
      *          {@code FileTime} represents a time that is after {@code other}
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(FileTime other) {
         // same granularity
         if (unit != null && unit == other.unit) {
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/MessageDigest.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/MessageDigest.java
index 31bcdf1514be..c834cab47ce1 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/MessageDigest.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/MessageDigest.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package java.security;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.signedness.qual.PolySigned;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import java.util.*;
@@ -472,6 +473,7 @@ public String toString() {
      *
      * @return {@code true} if the digests are equal, {@code false} otherwise.
      */
+    @Pure
     public static boolean isEqual(byte[] digesta, byte[] digestb) {
         if (digesta == digestb) return true;
         if (digesta == null || digestb == null) {
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/PrivilegedActionException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/PrivilegedActionException.java
index e9c3f6f143ec..9ea2389ad5c2 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/PrivilegedActionException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/PrivilegedActionException.java
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ public Exception getException() {
         return (Exception)super.getCause();
     }
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String toString() {
         String s = getClass().getName();
         Throwable cause = super.getCause();
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/Provider.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/Provider.java
index a9da9671fec2..065718846530 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/Provider.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/Provider.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.PolyNull;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.signedness.qual.UnknownSignedness;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.DoesNotUnrefineReceiver;
 
 import jdk.internal.event.SecurityProviderServiceEvent;
@@ -1101,6 +1102,7 @@ private ServiceKey(String type, String algorithm, boolean intern) {
         public int hashCode() {
             return type.hashCode() * 31 + algorithm.hashCode();
         }
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (this == obj) {
                 return true;
@@ -1549,6 +1551,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
             return lowerString.hashCode();
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (this == obj) {
                 return true;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/cert/CertificateRevokedException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/cert/CertificateRevokedException.java
index bb630636ba14..994bd5d14784 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/cert/CertificateRevokedException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/security/cert/CertificateRevokedException.java
@@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ public Map<String, Extension> getExtensions() {
         return Collections.unmodifiableMap(extensions);
     }
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     @Override
     public String getMessage() {
         return "Certificate has been revoked, reason: "
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/AttributedString.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/AttributedString.java
index 23f9f5909f8b..617f27a3d0f5 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/AttributedString.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/AttributedString.java
@@ -766,6 +766,7 @@ private final class AttributedStringIterator implements AttributedCharacterItera
 
         // Object methods. See documentation in that class.
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (this == obj) {
                 return true;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/Collator.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/Collator.java
index 5685044ed937..ee067d245f31 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/Collator.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/Collator.java
@@ -360,6 +360,7 @@ public static Collator getInstance(Locale desiredLocale) {
      * @see java.text.CollationKey
      * @see java.text.Collator#getCollationKey
      */
+    @Pure
     public abstract int compare(String source, String target);
 
     /**
@@ -378,6 +379,7 @@ public static Collator getInstance(Locale desiredLocale) {
      * @since   1.2
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
     return compare((String)o1, (String)o2);
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/RuleBasedCollationKey.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/RuleBasedCollationKey.java
index 4ccd50af2dcb..7c522042d702 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/RuleBasedCollationKey.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/RuleBasedCollationKey.java
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ final class RuleBasedCollationKey extends CollationKey {
      * zero if this is greater than target.
      * @see java.text.Collator#compare
      */
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(CollationKey target)
     {
         int result = key.compareTo(((RuleBasedCollationKey)(target)).key);
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/RuleBasedCollator.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/RuleBasedCollator.java
index 03ab9f8f6b7e..ebfbb33ec7a8 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/RuleBasedCollator.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/text/RuleBasedCollator.java
@@ -358,6 +358,7 @@ public CollationElementIterator getCollationElementIterator(
      *
      * @throws    NullPointerException if {@code source} or {@code target} is null.
      */
+    @Pure
     public synchronized int compare(String source, String target)
     {
         if (source == null || target == null) {
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Clock.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Clock.java
index 32b995c2817a..9ccb128e9ad0 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Clock.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Clock.java
@@ -568,6 +568,7 @@ public Instant instant() {
             return currentInstant();
         }
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             return obj instanceof SystemInstantSource;
         }
@@ -622,6 +623,7 @@ public Instant instant() {
             return currentInstant();
         }
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj instanceof SystemClock) {
                 return zone.equals(((SystemClock) obj).zone);
@@ -673,6 +675,7 @@ public Instant instant() {
             return instant;
         }
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             return obj instanceof FixedClock other
                     && instant.equals(other.instant)
@@ -723,6 +726,7 @@ public Instant instant() {
             return baseClock.instant().plus(offset);
         }
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             return obj instanceof OffsetClock other
                     && baseClock.equals(other.baseClock)
@@ -781,6 +785,7 @@ public Instant instant() {
             return instant.minusNanos(adjust);
         }
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             return (obj instanceof TickClock other)
                     && tickNanos == other.tickNanos
@@ -831,6 +836,7 @@ public Instant instant() {
             return baseSource.instant();
         }
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             return (obj instanceof SourceClock other)
                     && zone.equals(other.zone)
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Duration.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Duration.java
index c6c1a3977b60..134e92532ba2 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Duration.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Duration.java
@@ -1428,6 +1428,7 @@ public Duration truncatedTo(TemporalUnit unit) {
      * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Duration otherDuration) {
         int cmp = Long.compare(seconds, otherDuration.seconds);
         if (cmp != 0) {
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Instant.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Instant.java
index 22bc7dd6bdfe..18088c840eba 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Instant.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Instant.java
@@ -1282,6 +1282,7 @@ public long toEpochMilli() {
      * @throws NullPointerException if otherInstant is null
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Instant otherInstant) {
         int cmp = Long.compare(seconds, otherInstant.seconds);
         if (cmp != 0) {
@@ -1299,6 +1300,7 @@ public int compareTo(Instant otherInstant) {
      * @return true if this instant is after the specified instant
      * @throws NullPointerException if otherInstant is null
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isAfter(Instant otherInstant) {
         return compareTo(otherInstant) > 0;
     }
@@ -1312,6 +1314,7 @@ public boolean isAfter(Instant otherInstant) {
      * @return true if this instant is before the specified instant
      * @throws NullPointerException if otherInstant is null
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isBefore(Instant otherInstant) {
         return compareTo(otherInstant) < 0;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/LocalDate.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/LocalDate.java
index a4c40e600e25..03cc2e7872c1 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/LocalDate.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/LocalDate.java
@@ -1997,6 +1997,7 @@ public long toEpochSecond(LocalTime time, ZoneOffset offset) {
      * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
      */
     @Override  // override for Javadoc and performance
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(ChronoLocalDate other) {
         if (other instanceof LocalDate) {
             return compareTo0((LocalDate) other);
@@ -2037,6 +2038,7 @@ int compareTo0(LocalDate otherDate) {
      * @return true if this date is after the specified date
      */
     @Override  // override for Javadoc and performance
+    @Pure
     public boolean isAfter(ChronoLocalDate other) {
         if (other instanceof LocalDate) {
             return compareTo0((LocalDate) other) > 0;
@@ -2066,6 +2068,7 @@ public boolean isAfter(ChronoLocalDate other) {
      * @return true if this date is before the specified date
      */
     @Override  // override for Javadoc and performance
+    @Pure
     public boolean isBefore(ChronoLocalDate other) {
         if (other instanceof LocalDate) {
             return compareTo0((LocalDate) other) < 0;
@@ -2095,6 +2098,7 @@ public boolean isBefore(ChronoLocalDate other) {
      * @return true if this date is equal to the specified date
      */
     @Override  // override for Javadoc and performance
+    @Pure
     public boolean isEqual(ChronoLocalDate other) {
         if (other instanceof LocalDate) {
             return compareTo0((LocalDate) other) == 0;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/LocalDateTime.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/LocalDateTime.java
index 250aa8bce29b..67fe960ac128 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/LocalDateTime.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/LocalDateTime.java
@@ -1816,6 +1816,7 @@ public ZonedDateTime atZone(ZoneId zone) {
      * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
      */
     @Override  // override for Javadoc and performance
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(ChronoLocalDateTime<?> other) {
         if (other instanceof LocalDateTime) {
             return compareTo0((LocalDateTime) other);
@@ -1853,6 +1854,7 @@ private int compareTo0(LocalDateTime other) {
      * @return true if this date-time is after the specified date-time
      */
     @Override  // override for Javadoc and performance
+    @Pure
     public boolean isAfter(ChronoLocalDateTime<?> other) {
         if (other instanceof LocalDateTime) {
             return compareTo0((LocalDateTime) other) > 0;
@@ -1882,6 +1884,7 @@ public boolean isAfter(ChronoLocalDateTime<?> other) {
      * @return true if this date-time is before the specified date-time
      */
     @Override  // override for Javadoc and performance
+    @Pure
     public boolean isBefore(ChronoLocalDateTime<?> other) {
         if (other instanceof LocalDateTime) {
             return compareTo0((LocalDateTime) other) < 0;
@@ -1911,6 +1914,7 @@ public boolean isBefore(ChronoLocalDateTime<?> other) {
      * @return true if this date-time is equal to the specified date-time
      */
     @Override  // override for Javadoc and performance
+    @Pure
     public boolean isEqual(ChronoLocalDateTime<?> other) {
         if (other instanceof LocalDateTime) {
             return compareTo0((LocalDateTime) other) == 0;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/LocalTime.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/LocalTime.java
index 7be383786bd2..ea9db5b41d09 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/LocalTime.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/LocalTime.java
@@ -1540,6 +1540,7 @@ public long toEpochSecond(LocalDate date, ZoneOffset offset) {
      * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(LocalTime other) {
         int cmp = Integer.compare(hour, other.hour);
         if (cmp == 0) {
@@ -1562,6 +1563,7 @@ public int compareTo(LocalTime other) {
      * @param other  the other time to compare to, not null
      * @return true if this is after the specified time
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isAfter(LocalTime other) {
         return compareTo(other) > 0;
     }
@@ -1574,6 +1576,7 @@ public boolean isAfter(LocalTime other) {
      * @param other  the other time to compare to, not null
      * @return true if this point is before the specified time
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isBefore(LocalTime other) {
         return compareTo(other) < 0;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/MonthDay.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/MonthDay.java
index 0be8163ae2b6..09f36d94c4ab 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/MonthDay.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/MonthDay.java
@@ -684,6 +684,7 @@ public LocalDate atYear(int year) {
      * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(MonthDay other) {
         int cmp = (month - other.month);
         if (cmp == 0) {
@@ -698,6 +699,7 @@ public int compareTo(MonthDay other) {
      * @param other  the other month-day to compare to, not null
      * @return true if this is after the specified month-day
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isAfter(MonthDay other) {
         return compareTo(other) > 0;
     }
@@ -708,6 +710,7 @@ public boolean isAfter(MonthDay other) {
      * @param other  the other month-day to compare to, not null
      * @return true if this point is before the specified month-day
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isBefore(MonthDay other) {
         return compareTo(other) < 0;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/OffsetDateTime.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/OffsetDateTime.java
index 9551b98b8def..8c40f2f388db 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/OffsetDateTime.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/OffsetDateTime.java
@@ -1810,6 +1810,7 @@ public long toEpochSecond() {
      * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(OffsetDateTime other) {
         int cmp = compareInstant(this, other);
         if (cmp == 0) {
@@ -1829,6 +1830,7 @@ public int compareTo(OffsetDateTime other) {
      * @param other  the other date-time to compare to, not null
      * @return true if this is after the instant of the specified date-time
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isAfter(OffsetDateTime other) {
         long thisEpochSec = toEpochSecond();
         long otherEpochSec = other.toEpochSecond();
@@ -1846,6 +1848,7 @@ public boolean isAfter(OffsetDateTime other) {
      * @param other  the other date-time to compare to, not null
      * @return true if this is before the instant of the specified date-time
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isBefore(OffsetDateTime other) {
         long thisEpochSec = toEpochSecond();
         long otherEpochSec = other.toEpochSecond();
@@ -1863,6 +1866,7 @@ public boolean isBefore(OffsetDateTime other) {
      * @param other  the other date-time to compare to, not null
      * @return true if the instant equals the instant of the specified date-time
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isEqual(OffsetDateTime other) {
         return toEpochSecond() == other.toEpochSecond() &&
                 toLocalTime().getNano() == other.toLocalTime().getNano();
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/OffsetTime.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/OffsetTime.java
index e70d004a9c5a..b889723e9e74 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/OffsetTime.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/OffsetTime.java
@@ -1290,6 +1290,7 @@ public long toEpochSecond(LocalDate date) {
      * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(OffsetTime other) {
         if (offset.equals(other.offset)) {
             return time.compareTo(other.time);
@@ -1313,6 +1314,7 @@ public int compareTo(OffsetTime other) {
      * @param other  the other time to compare to, not null
      * @return true if this is after the instant of the specified time
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isAfter(OffsetTime other) {
         return toEpochNano() > other.toEpochNano();
     }
@@ -1328,6 +1330,7 @@ public boolean isAfter(OffsetTime other) {
      * @param other  the other time to compare to, not null
      * @return true if this is before the instant of the specified time
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isBefore(OffsetTime other) {
         return toEpochNano() < other.toEpochNano();
     }
@@ -1343,6 +1346,7 @@ public boolean isBefore(OffsetTime other) {
      * @param other  the other time to compare to, not null
      * @return true if this is equal to the instant of the specified time
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isEqual(OffsetTime other) {
         return toEpochNano() == other.toEpochNano();
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Year.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Year.java
index 23be00ccc829..951b2e93e3ac 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Year.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Year.java
@@ -1027,6 +1027,7 @@ public LocalDate atMonthDay(MonthDay monthDay) {
      * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Year other) {
         return year - other.year;
     }
@@ -1037,6 +1038,7 @@ public int compareTo(Year other) {
      * @param other  the other year to compare to, not null
      * @return true if this is after the specified year
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isAfter(Year other) {
         return year > other.year;
     }
@@ -1047,6 +1049,7 @@ public boolean isAfter(Year other) {
      * @param other  the other year to compare to, not null
      * @return true if this point is before the specified year
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isBefore(Year other) {
         return year < other.year;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/YearMonth.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/YearMonth.java
index 02f33cf9d7b7..37355d51adcc 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/YearMonth.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/YearMonth.java
@@ -1131,6 +1131,7 @@ public LocalDate atEndOfMonth() {
      * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(YearMonth other) {
         int cmp = (year - other.year);
         if (cmp == 0) {
@@ -1145,6 +1146,7 @@ public int compareTo(YearMonth other) {
      * @param other  the other year-month to compare to, not null
      * @return true if this is after the specified year-month
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isAfter(YearMonth other) {
         return compareTo(other) > 0;
     }
@@ -1155,6 +1157,7 @@ public boolean isAfter(YearMonth other) {
      * @param other  the other year-month to compare to, not null
      * @return true if this point is before the specified year-month
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isBefore(YearMonth other) {
         return compareTo(other) < 0;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/chrono/AbstractChronology.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/chrono/AbstractChronology.java
index a93863927375..f6fde6ea6b4f 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/chrono/AbstractChronology.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/chrono/AbstractChronology.java
@@ -665,6 +665,7 @@ void addFieldValue(Map<TemporalField, Long> fieldValues, ChronoField field, long
      * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Chronology other) {
         return getId().compareTo(other.getId());
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Arrays.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Arrays.java
index 82290825e8db..182019021720 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Arrays.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Arrays.java
@@ -797,6 +797,7 @@ static void rangeCheck(int arrayLength, @IndexOrHigh({"#1"}) int fromIndex, @Ind
      */
     static final class NaturalOrder implements Comparator<Object> {
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        @Pure
         public int compare(Object first, Object second) {
             return ((Comparable<Object>)first).compareTo(second);
         }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Calendar.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Calendar.java
index 4fb7b91f308b..b94e8d8ece05 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Calendar.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Calendar.java
@@ -2771,6 +2771,7 @@ public int hashCode(@GuardSatisfied Calendar this) {
      * {@code when}; {@code false} otherwise.
      * @see     #compareTo(Calendar)
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean before(Object when) {
         return when instanceof Calendar
             && compareTo((Calendar)when) < 0;
@@ -2792,6 +2793,7 @@ public boolean before(Object when) {
      * otherwise.
      * @see     #compareTo(Calendar)
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean after(Object when) {
         return when instanceof Calendar
             && compareTo((Calendar)when) > 0;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Collections.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Collections.java
index ba5fcf2000fd..b62d99fe5b40 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Collections.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Collections.java
@@ -6182,6 +6182,7 @@ private static class ReverseComparator
         static final ReverseComparator REVERSE_ORDER
             = new ReverseComparator();
 
+        @Pure
         public int compare(Comparable<Object> c1, Comparable<Object> c2) {
             return c2.compareTo(c1);
         }
@@ -6260,6 +6261,7 @@ private static class ReverseComparator2<T> implements Comparator<T>,
             this.cmp = cmp;
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public int compare(T t1, T t2) {
             return cmp.compare(t2, t1);
         }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Comparator.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Comparator.java
index 53c07a37638a..2e1c1e030151 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Comparator.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Comparator.java
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ public interface Comparator<T> {
      * @throws ClassCastException if the arguments' types prevent them from
      *         being compared by this comparator.
      */
+    @Pure
     int compare(T o1, T o2);
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Comparators.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Comparators.java
index 02a415b45817..0a8653e89e22 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Comparators.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Comparators.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 package java.util;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.Serializable;
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ enum NaturalOrderComparator implements Comparator<Comparable<Object>> {
         INSTANCE;
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public int compare(Comparable<Object> c1, Comparable<Object> c2) {
             return c1.compareTo(c2);
         }
@@ -80,6 +82,7 @@ static final class NullComparator<T> implements Comparator<T>, Serializable {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public int compare(T a, T b) {
             if (a == null) {
                 return (b == null) ? 0 : (nullFirst ? -1 : 1);
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Date.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Date.java
index c8f9244a5daf..f7147f4c7327 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Date.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Date.java
@@ -919,6 +919,7 @@ public void setTime(@GuardSatisfied Date this, long time) {
      *          {@code false} otherwise.
      * @throws    NullPointerException if {@code when} is null.
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean before(@GuardSatisfied Date this, Date when) {
         return getMillisOf(this) < getMillisOf(when);
     }
@@ -933,6 +934,7 @@ public boolean before(@GuardSatisfied Date this, Date when) {
      *          {@code false} otherwise.
      * @throws    NullPointerException if {@code when} is null.
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean after(@GuardSatisfied Date this, Date when) {
         return getMillisOf(this) > getMillisOf(when);
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/DuplicateFormatFlagsException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/DuplicateFormatFlagsException.java
index 99024a95ce33..b83370990c3b 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/DuplicateFormatFlagsException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/DuplicateFormatFlagsException.java
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ public String getFlags() {
         return flags;
     }
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         return String.format("Flags = '%s'", flags);
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException.java
index 1e2a6eb73979..997c10230a8b 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException.java
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ public char getConversion() {
         return c;
     }
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         return "Conversion = " + c + ", Flags = " + f;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/HexFormat.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/HexFormat.java
index 7364868e2bbd..bcc1261d4a54 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/HexFormat.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/HexFormat.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package java.util;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 
 import jdk.internal.access.JavaLangAccess;
 import jdk.internal.access.SharedSecrets;
@@ -1048,6 +1049,7 @@ public static long fromHexDigitsToLong(CharSequence string, int fromIndex, int t
      *         otherwise {@code false}
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
         if (this == o)
             return true;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException.java
index 891b9c2fa421..d9bf8f10b2c3 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException.java
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ int getIndex() {
         return illegalIndex;
     }
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     @Override
     public String getMessage() {
         int index = getIndex();
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatCodePointException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatCodePointException.java
index f5ee262b740f..795388fcb49a 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatCodePointException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatCodePointException.java
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ public int getCodePoint() {
         return c;
     }
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         return String.format("Code point = %#x", c);
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatConversionException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatConversionException.java
index 3666022a01c6..6d9c40bf9f97 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatConversionException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatConversionException.java
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ public Class<?> getArgumentClass() {
     }
 
     // javadoc inherited from Throwable.java
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         return String.format("%c != %s", c, arg.getName());
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatFlagsException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatFlagsException.java
index 9825a1068371..6b0cda2f5b0d 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatFlagsException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatFlagsException.java
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ public String getFlags() {
         return flags;
     }
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         return "Flags = '" + flags + "'";
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatPrecisionException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatPrecisionException.java
index c29368258b82..43b1d77bfa00 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatPrecisionException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatPrecisionException.java
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ public int getPrecision() {
         return p;
     }
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         return Integer.toString(p);
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatWidthException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatWidthException.java
index 5adf734445fb..693a43436729 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatWidthException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/IllegalFormatWidthException.java
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ public int getWidth() {
         return w;
     }
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         return Integer.toString(w);
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Locale.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Locale.java
index 1eefd2e8bac8..86dff5595f6d 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Locale.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Locale.java
@@ -969,6 +969,7 @@ private LocaleKey(BaseLocale baseLocale, @Nullable LocaleExtensions extensions)
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (this == obj) {
                 return true;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/MissingFormatArgumentException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/MissingFormatArgumentException.java
index 847043018e07..84e37378404e 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/MissingFormatArgumentException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/MissingFormatArgumentException.java
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ public String getFormatSpecifier() {
         return s;
     }
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         return "Format specifier '" + s + "'";
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/MissingFormatWidthException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/MissingFormatWidthException.java
index 19b718f9985c..f72525ff1890 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/MissingFormatWidthException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/MissingFormatWidthException.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 package java.util;
 
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 /**
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ public String getFormatSpecifier() {
         return s;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public String getMessage() {
         return s;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/ResourceBundle.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/ResourceBundle.java
index 6e208bfa4cec..d61dee29fcf9 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/ResourceBundle.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/ResourceBundle.java
@@ -731,6 +731,7 @@ boolean callerHasProvider() {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
             if (this == other) {
                 return true;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/TreeMap.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/TreeMap.java
index 1fb53a200849..b822f4cb1af9 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/TreeMap.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/TreeMap.java
@@ -1725,6 +1725,7 @@ public void remove() {
      * Compares two keys using the correct comparison method for this TreeMap.
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Pure
     final int compare(Object k1, Object k2) {
         return comparator==null ? ((Comparable<? super K>)k1).compareTo((K)k2)
             : comparator.compare((K)k1, (K)k2);
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/UnknownFormatConversionException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/UnknownFormatConversionException.java
index 8ba4d73e25d0..490f3baae844 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/UnknownFormatConversionException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/UnknownFormatConversionException.java
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ public String getConversion() {
     }
 
     // javadoc inherited from Throwable.java
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         return String.format("Conversion = '%s'", s);
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/UnknownFormatFlagsException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/UnknownFormatFlagsException.java
index 789d2ead28d4..2ab7927d2bcc 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/UnknownFormatFlagsException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/UnknownFormatFlagsException.java
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ public String getFlags() {
     }
 
     // javadoc inherited from Throwable.java
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         return "Flags = " + flags;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java
index 44cf0370ae10..0e085ea4915c 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java
@@ -255,6 +255,7 @@ public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) {
             return unit.convert(time - System.nanoTime(), NANOSECONDS);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public int compareTo(Delayed other) {
             if (other == this) // compare zero if same object
                 return 0;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/function/Predicate.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/function/Predicate.java
index aceb0255ae4d..58715e69c7bc 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/function/Predicate.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/function/Predicate.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 package java.util.function;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -115,6 +116,7 @@ default Predicate<T> or(Predicate<? super T> other) {
      * @return a predicate that tests if two arguments are equal according
      * to {@link Objects#equals(Object, Object)}
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     static <T> Predicate<T> isEqual(@Nullable Object targetRef) {
         return (null == targetRef)
                 ? Objects::isNull
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/regex/PatternSyntaxException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/regex/PatternSyntaxException.java
index ea332059481f..0f7bb11117b4 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/regex/PatternSyntaxException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/regex/PatternSyntaxException.java
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ public String getPattern(@GuardSatisfied PatternSyntaxException this) {
      *
      * @return  The full detail message
      */
-    @Pure
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage(@GuardSatisfied PatternSyntaxException this) {
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
         sb.append(desc);
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/zip/ZipCoder.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/zip/ZipCoder.java
index e4c8e747e3c8..7d83fb9408e0 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/zip/ZipCoder.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/zip/ZipCoder.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package java.util.zip;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.interning.qual.UsesObjectEquals;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@@ -246,6 +247,7 @@ private byte[] slashBytes() {
      *                      a directory match will also be tested
      *
      */
+    @Pure
     Comparison compare(String str, byte[] b, int off, int len, boolean matchDirectory) {
         String decoded = toString(b, off, len);
         if (decoded.startsWith(str)) {
@@ -309,6 +311,7 @@ boolean hasTrailingSlash(byte[] a, int end) {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         Comparison compare(String str, byte[] b, int off, int len, boolean matchDirectory) {
             try {
                 byte[] encoded = JLA.getBytesNoRepl(str, UTF_8.INSTANCE);
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/javax/crypto/CryptoPolicyParser.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/javax/crypto/CryptoPolicyParser.java
index e18bc45d3222..e755d80736a5 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/javax/crypto/CryptoPolicyParser.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/javax/crypto/CryptoPolicyParser.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nonempty.qual.EnsuresNonEmptyIf;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.*;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -635,6 +636,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
             return retval;
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj == this)
                 return true;
@@ -679,14 +681,17 @@ static final class ParsingException extends GeneralSecurityException {
          * detail message.
          * @param msg the detail message.
          */
+        @SideEffectFree
         ParsingException(@Nullable String msg) {
             super(msg);
         }
 
+        @SideEffectFree
         ParsingException(int line, String msg) {
             super("line " + line + ": " + msg);
         }
 
+        @SideEffectFree
         ParsingException(int line, String expect, String actual) {
             super("line "+line+": expected '"+expect+"', found '"+actual+"'");
         }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/javax/security/auth/Subject.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/javax/security/auth/Subject.java
index b67c1614751f..0b6ec6dd3bed 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/javax/security/auth/Subject.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/javax/security/auth/Subject.java
@@ -1507,6 +1507,7 @@ public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
             return elements.toArray(a);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             if (o == this) {
                 return true;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/jdk/internal/loader/AbstractClassLoaderValue.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/jdk/internal/loader/AbstractClassLoaderValue.java
index c2649c0c341e..988a4c5a4202 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/jdk/internal/loader/AbstractClassLoaderValue.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/jdk/internal/loader/AbstractClassLoaderValue.java
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.PolyNull;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import jdk.internal.access.JavaLangAccess;
 import jdk.internal.access.SharedSecrets;
@@ -352,6 +354,7 @@ static class RecursiveInvocationException extends IllegalStateException {
             @java.io.Serial
             private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
+            @SideEffectFree
             RecursiveInvocationException() {
                 super("Recursive call");
             }
@@ -419,6 +422,7 @@ public boolean isEqualOrDescendantOf(AbstractClassLoaderValue<?, V> clv) {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             if (this == o) return true;
             if (!(o instanceof Sub)) return false;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/jdk/internal/org/xml/sax/SAXException.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/jdk/internal/org/xml/sax/SAXException.java
index b30de64f5dd8..b63928914851 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/jdk/internal/org/xml/sax/SAXException.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/jdk/internal/org/xml/sax/SAXException.java
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
 package jdk.internal.org.xml.sax;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InvalidClassException;
@@ -73,6 +75,7 @@ public class SAXException extends Exception {
     /**
      * Create a new SAXException.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SAXException ()
     {
         super();
@@ -84,6 +87,7 @@ public SAXException ()
      *
      * @param message The error or warning message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SAXException (@Nullable String message) {
         super(message);
     }
@@ -98,6 +102,7 @@ public SAXException (@Nullable String message) {
      *
      * @param e The exception to be wrapped in a SAXException.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SAXException (@Nullable Exception e)
     {
         super(e);
@@ -113,6 +118,7 @@ public SAXException (@Nullable Exception e)
      * @param message The detail message.
      * @param e The exception to be wrapped in a SAXException.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SAXException (@Nullable String message, @Nullable Exception e)
     {
         super(message, e);
@@ -128,6 +134,7 @@ public SAXException (@Nullable String message, @Nullable Exception e)
      *
      * @return The error or warning message.
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable String getMessage ()
     {
         String message = super.getMessage();
@@ -155,6 +162,7 @@ public Exception getException ()
      *
      * @return Return the cause of the exception
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return super.getCause();
     }
@@ -164,6 +172,7 @@ public Exception getException ()
      *
      * @return A string representation of this exception.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String toString ()
     {
         Throwable exception = super.getCause();
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/provider/PolicyParser.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/provider/PolicyParser.java
index 958d25ee87d5..60affe87657e 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/provider/PolicyParser.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/provider/PolicyParser.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.*;
 import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
@@ -1052,6 +1053,7 @@ public String toString() {
          * @return true if the objects are equal, false otherwise
          */
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (this == obj)
                 return true;
@@ -1132,6 +1134,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj == this)
                 return true;
@@ -1313,11 +1316,13 @@ public static class ParsingException extends GeneralSecurityException {
          *
          * @param msg the detail message.
          */
+        @SideEffectFree
         public ParsingException(String msg) {
             super(msg);
             i18nMessage = msg;
         }
 
+        @SideEffectFree
         public ParsingException(@Nullable String msg, LocalizedMessage localizedMsg,
                                 Object[] source) {
             super(msg);
@@ -1325,12 +1330,14 @@ public ParsingException(@Nullable String msg, LocalizedMessage localizedMsg,
             this.source = source;
         }
 
+        @SideEffectFree
         public ParsingException(int line, String msg) {
             super("line " + line + ": " + msg);
             localizedMsg = new LocalizedMessage("line.number.msg");
             source = new Object[] {line, msg};
         }
 
+        @SideEffectFree
         public ParsingException(int line, String expect, String actual) {
             super("line " + line + ": expected [" + expect +
                 "], found [" + actual + "]");
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/x509/AlgorithmId.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/x509/AlgorithmId.java
index 52cd0203bc34..81ac31c17358 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/x509/AlgorithmId.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/x509/AlgorithmId.java
@@ -310,6 +310,7 @@ public byte[] getEncodedParams() {
      * Returns true iff the argument indicates the same algorithm
      * with the same parameters.
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(AlgorithmId other) {
         return algid.equals(other.algid) &&
             Arrays.equals(encodedParams, other.encodedParams);
@@ -342,6 +343,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
      * Compares two algorithm IDs for equality.  Returns true iff
      * they are the same algorithm, ignoring algorithm parameters.
      */
+    @Pure
     public final boolean equals(ObjectIdentifier id) {
         return algid.equals((Object)id);
     }
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/x509/RDN.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/x509/RDN.java
index 332d34cdab43..38dc80d8e407 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/x509/RDN.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/x509/RDN.java
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@ static Comparator<AVA> getInstance() {
      * AVA's containing a standard keyword are ordered alphabetically,
      * followed by AVA's containing an OID keyword, ordered numerically
      */
+    @Pure
     public int compare(AVA a1, AVA a2) {
         boolean a1Has2253 = a1.hasRFC2253Keyword();
         boolean a2Has2253 = a2.hasRFC2253Keyword();
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/x509/X509CertInfo.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/x509/X509CertInfo.java
index 94c4006f48c5..de948dbe515d 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/x509/X509CertInfo.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/x509/X509CertInfo.java
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
      * @param other the object being compared with this one
      * @return true iff the certificates are equivalent
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(X509CertInfo other) {
         if (this == other) {
             return true;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/PreHashedMap.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/PreHashedMap.java
index e4d2fee3679d..d6cf4edab337 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/PreHashedMap.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/PreHashedMap.java
@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
                                            ? 0
                                            : v.hashCode()));
                             }
+                            @Pure
                             public boolean equals(@Nullable Object ob) {
                                 if (ob == this)
                                     return true;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/BaseLocale.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/BaseLocale.java
index 9b8d62898a0f..f58643642223 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/BaseLocale.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/BaseLocale.java
@@ -314,6 +314,7 @@ private BaseLocale getBaseLocale() {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (this == obj) {
                 return true;
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/resources/Bundles.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/resources/Bundles.java
index 8f4016e83481..22dfef0f6778 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/resources/Bundles.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/resources/Bundles.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 package sun.util.resources;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 
 import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
@@ -500,6 +501,7 @@ void setProviders(ServiceLoader<ResourceBundleProvider> providers) {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
             if (this == other) {
                 return true;
diff --git a/src/java.base/unix/classes/java/lang/ProcessEnvironment.java b/src/java.base/unix/classes/java/lang/ProcessEnvironment.java
index 21a177dbf8a7..a7502015f3c9 100644
--- a/src/java.base/unix/classes/java/lang/ProcessEnvironment.java
+++ b/src/java.base/unix/classes/java/lang/ProcessEnvironment.java
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ public String toString() {
             return str;
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             return o instanceof ExternalData
                 && Arrays.equals(getBytes(), ((ExternalData) o).getBytes());
@@ -180,10 +181,12 @@ public static Variable valueOf(byte[] bytes) {
             return new Variable(new String(bytes, JNU_CHARSET), bytes);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public int compareTo(Variable variable) {
             return Arrays.compare(getBytes(), variable.getBytes());
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             return o instanceof Variable && super.equals(o);
         }
@@ -213,10 +216,12 @@ public static Value valueOf(byte[] bytes) {
             return new Value(new String(bytes, JNU_CHARSET), bytes);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public int compareTo(Value value) {
             return Arrays.compare(getBytes(), value.getBytes());
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             return o instanceof Value && super.equals(o);
         }
@@ -319,6 +324,7 @@ public String setValue(String newValue) {
             return e.setValue(Value.valueOf(newValue)).toString();
         }
         public String toString() {return getKey() + "=" + getValue();}
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             return o instanceof StringEntry
                 && e.equals(((StringEntry)o).e);
@@ -398,6 +404,7 @@ public boolean contains(Object o) {
         public boolean remove(Object o) {
             return c.remove(Value.valueOfQueryOnly(o));
         }
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             return o instanceof StringValues
                 && c.equals(((StringValues)o).c);
diff --git a/src/java.base/unix/classes/sun/nio/fs/UnixPath.java b/src/java.base/unix/classes/sun/nio/fs/UnixPath.java
index f87fd666b939..86b435073846 100644
--- a/src/java.base/unix/classes/sun/nio/fs/UnixPath.java
+++ b/src/java.base/unix/classes/sun/nio/fs/UnixPath.java
@@ -723,6 +723,7 @@ public boolean endsWith(Path other) {
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Path other) {
         int len1 = path.length;
         int len2 = ((UnixPath) other).path.length;
diff --git a/src/java.base/windows/classes/java/lang/ProcessEnvironment.java b/src/java.base/windows/classes/java/lang/ProcessEnvironment.java
index 39dad5f8d2f2..e70c0e1235ba 100644
--- a/src/java.base/windows/classes/java/lang/ProcessEnvironment.java
+++ b/src/java.base/windows/classes/java/lang/ProcessEnvironment.java
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ public String setValue(String value) {
             return e.setValue(validateValue(value));
         }
         public String toString() { return getKey() + "=" + getValue();}
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {return e.equals(o);}
         public int hashCode()    {return e.hashCode();}
     }
@@ -204,6 +205,7 @@ public Set<Map.Entry<String,String>> entrySet() {
 
     private static final class NameComparator
         implements Comparator<String> {
+        @Pure
         public int compare(String s1, String s2) {
             // We can't use String.compareToIgnoreCase since it
             // canonicalizes to lower case, while Windows
@@ -229,6 +231,7 @@ public int compare(String s1, String s2) {
 
     private static final class EntryComparator
         implements Comparator<Map.Entry<String,String>> {
+        @Pure
         public int compare(Map.Entry<String,String> e1,
                            Map.Entry<String,String> e2) {
             return nameComparator.compare(e1.getKey(), e2.getKey());
diff --git a/src/java.base/windows/classes/sun/nio/fs/WindowsPath.java b/src/java.base/windows/classes/sun/nio/fs/WindowsPath.java
index da88bc046237..6c75c950a3da 100644
--- a/src/java.base/windows/classes/sun/nio/fs/WindowsPath.java
+++ b/src/java.base/windows/classes/sun/nio/fs/WindowsPath.java
@@ -794,6 +794,7 @@ public boolean endsWith(Path obj) {
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Path obj) {
         if (obj == null)
             throw new NullPointerException();
diff --git a/src/java.compiler/share/classes/javax/lang/model/type/TypeMirror.java b/src/java.compiler/share/classes/javax/lang/model/type/TypeMirror.java
index ad87c7f7048e..879e7e673f24 100644
--- a/src/java.compiler/share/classes/javax/lang/model/type/TypeMirror.java
+++ b/src/java.compiler/share/classes/javax/lang/model/type/TypeMirror.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.signature.qual.FullyQualifiedName;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -124,6 +125,7 @@ public interface TypeMirror extends javax.lang.model.AnnotatedConstruct {
      * @param obj  the object to be compared with this type
      * @return {@code true} if the specified object is equal to this one
      */
+    @Pure
     boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj);
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/java.datatransfer/share/classes/java/awt/datatransfer/DataFlavor.java b/src/java.datatransfer/share/classes/java/awt/datatransfer/DataFlavor.java
index f90039b6d416..3cd1188b69e0 100644
--- a/src/java.datatransfer/share/classes/java/awt/datatransfer/DataFlavor.java
+++ b/src/java.datatransfer/share/classes/java/awt/datatransfer/DataFlavor.java
@@ -947,6 +947,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
      *         {@code DataFlavor}; {@code false} otherwise
      * @see #selectBestTextFlavor
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(DataFlavor that) {
         if (that == null) {
             return false;
@@ -1007,6 +1008,7 @@ public boolean equals(DataFlavor that) {
      *             {@link #isMimeTypeEqual(String)} instead.
      */
     @Deprecated
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(String s) {
         if (s == null || mimeType == null)
             return false;
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/com/sun/beans/finder/Signature.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/com/sun/beans/finder/Signature.java
index a34165831102..a183fb815a7d 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/com/sun/beans/finder/Signature.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/com/sun/beans/finder/Signature.java
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ && isEqual(signature.name, this.name)
      * @return {@code true} if first object is the same as the second object,
      *         {@code false} otherwise
      */
+    @Pure
     private static boolean isEqual(Object obj1, Object obj2) {
         return (obj1 == null)
                 ? obj2 == null
@@ -128,6 +129,7 @@ private static boolean isEqual(Object obj1, Object obj2) {
      * @return {@code true} if first array is the same as the second array,
      *         {@code false} otherwise
      */
+    @Pure
     private static boolean isEqual(Class<?>[] args1, Class<?>[] args2) {
         if ((args1 == null) || (args2 == null)) {
             return args1 == args2;
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/DisplayMode.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/DisplayMode.java
index 973aaaa1ddc6..a3d06d67f3dc 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/DisplayMode.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/DisplayMode.java
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ public int getRefreshRate() {
      * @param  dm the display mode to compare to
      * @return whether the two display modes are equal
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(DisplayMode dm) {
         if (dm == null) {
             return false;
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/MenuShortcut.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/MenuShortcut.java
index 53c33c2d91f1..f5f22fa89085 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/MenuShortcut.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/MenuShortcut.java
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ public boolean usesShiftModifier() {
      * {@code false} otherwise.
      * @since 1.1
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(MenuShortcut s) {
         return (s != null && (s.getKey() == key) &&
                 (s.usesShiftModifier() == usesShift));
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/RenderingHints.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/RenderingHints.java
index 21388d8ef6ee..2ecd2affa646 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/RenderingHints.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/RenderingHints.java
@@ -196,6 +196,7 @@ public final int hashCode() {
          * The equals method for all Key objects will return the same
          * result as the equality operator '=='.
          */
+        @Pure
         public final boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             return this == o;
         }
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/FontRenderContext.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/FontRenderContext.java
index 407901caae2b..f73471b48920 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/FontRenderContext.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/FontRenderContext.java
@@ -321,6 +321,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
      *         otherwise.
      * @since 1.4
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(FontRenderContext rhs) {
         if (this == rhs) {
             return true;
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/GlyphVector.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/GlyphVector.java
index f6cb074a74f0..b04abfad0c65 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/GlyphVector.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/GlyphVector.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 package java.awt.font;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.interning.qual.UsesObjectEquals;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import java.awt.Graphics2D;
@@ -616,5 +617,6 @@ public Rectangle getGlyphPixelBounds(int index, FontRenderContext renderFRC, flo
      *   {@code GlyphVector} equals this {@code GlyphVector};
      *   {@code false} otherwise.
      */
+    @Pure
     public abstract boolean equals(GlyphVector set);
 }
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/ImageGraphicAttribute.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/ImageGraphicAttribute.java
index 6093954bfb52..46e4a57d4191 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/ImageGraphicAttribute.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/ImageGraphicAttribute.java
@@ -208,6 +208,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object rhs) {
      * {@code ImageGraphicAttribute} equals {@code rhs};
      * {@code false} otherwise.
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(ImageGraphicAttribute rhs) {
 
         if (rhs == null) {
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/ShapeGraphicAttribute.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/ShapeGraphicAttribute.java
index 2669f6efa349..3608a9c413c3 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/ShapeGraphicAttribute.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/ShapeGraphicAttribute.java
@@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object rhs) {
      * {@code ShapeGraphicAttribute} equals {@code rhs};
      * {@code false} otherwise.
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(ShapeGraphicAttribute rhs) {
 
         if (rhs == null) {
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/TextHitInfo.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/TextHitInfo.java
index b7dd9b67bd59..fae78c2538f3 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/TextHitInfo.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/font/TextHitInfo.java
@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
      * has the same {@code charIndex} and {@code isLeadingEdge}
      * as this {@code TextHitInfo}.
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(TextHitInfo hitInfo) {
         return hitInfo != null && charIndex == hitInfo.charIndex &&
             isLeadingEdge == hitInfo.isLeadingEdge;
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/print/PrinterIOException.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/print/PrinterIOException.java
index ddd38f6f09de..e5826cfb0a1f 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/print/PrinterIOException.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/print/PrinterIOException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 package java.awt.print;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.Serial;
@@ -63,6 +65,7 @@ public class PrinterIOException extends PrinterException {
      * {@link IOException}.
      * @param exception the specified {@code IOException}
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public PrinterIOException(IOException exception) {
         initCause(null);  // Disallow subsequent initCause
         mException = exception;
@@ -91,6 +94,7 @@ public IOException getIOException() {
      * @return  the cause of this exception.
      * @since   1.4
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return mException;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/imageio/ImageTypeSpecifier.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/imageio/ImageTypeSpecifier.java
index 1d35eb21c25c..4ab21afe1814 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/imageio/ImageTypeSpecifier.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/imageio/ImageTypeSpecifier.java
@@ -333,6 +333,7 @@ public Interleaved(ColorSpace colorSpace,
                                                 bandOffsets);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             if (!(o instanceof Interleaved that)) {
                 return false;
@@ -473,6 +474,7 @@ public Banded(ColorSpace colorSpace,
                                                      bandOffsets);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             if (!(o instanceof Banded that)) {
                 return false;
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/JEditorPane.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/JEditorPane.java
index b8c64ef46a1c..4af3d9c1001d 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/JEditorPane.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/JEditorPane.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package javax.swing;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.interning.qual.Interned;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import java.awt.Component;
@@ -2333,10 +2334,12 @@ protected void forwardUpdateToView(View v, DocumentEvent e,
                 public void paint(Graphics g, Shape allocation) {
                 }
 
+                @Pure
                 protected boolean isBefore(int x, int y, Rectangle alloc) {
                     return false;
                 }
 
+                @Pure
                 protected boolean isAfter(int x, int y, Rectangle alloc) {
                     return false;
                 }
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/plaf/nimbus/DerivedColor.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/plaf/nimbus/DerivedColor.java
index 06a80960aad5..56de1447fcd2 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/plaf/nimbus/DerivedColor.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/plaf/nimbus/DerivedColor.java
@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@ static class UIResource extends DerivedColor implements javax.swing.plaf.UIResou
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             return (o instanceof UIResource) && super.equals(o);
         }
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/plaf/nimbus/NimbusStyle.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/plaf/nimbus/NimbusStyle.java
index 06ef60baf321..ab5121603655 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/plaf/nimbus/NimbusStyle.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/plaf/nimbus/NimbusStyle.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.interning.qual.Interned;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import javax.swing.Painter;
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ public final class NimbusStyle extends SynthStyle {
     private static final Comparator<RuntimeState> STATE_COMPARATOR =
         new Comparator<RuntimeState>() {
             @Override
+            @Pure
             public int compare(RuntimeState a, RuntimeState b) {
                 return a.state - b.state;
             }
@@ -1107,6 +1109,7 @@ void init(Object key, int xstate) {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             final CacheKey other = (CacheKey) obj;
             if (obj == null) return false;
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/AbstractDocument.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/AbstractDocument.java
index e187a0b78609..78d8e5386a52 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/AbstractDocument.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/AbstractDocument.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package javax.swing.text;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.interning.qual.Interned;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import java.awt.font.TextAttribute;
@@ -1918,6 +1919,7 @@ public boolean isDefined(Object attrName) {
          * @return true if the same
          * @see AttributeSet#isEqual
          */
+        @Pure
         public boolean isEqual(AttributeSet attr) {
             return attributes.isEqual(attr);
         }
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/SimpleAttributeSet.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/SimpleAttributeSet.java
index 35c1ca1f94db..5a12823b35c1 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/SimpleAttributeSet.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/SimpleAttributeSet.java
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ public boolean isDefined(Object attrName) {
      * @param attr the second attribute set
      * @return true if the sets are equal, false otherwise
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean isEqual(AttributeSet attr) {
         return ((getAttributeCount() == attr.getAttributeCount()) &&
                 containsAttributes(attr));
@@ -375,6 +376,7 @@ public int getAttributeCount() {
         public boolean isDefined(Object attrName) {
             return false;
         }
+        @Pure
         public boolean isEqual(AttributeSet attr) {
             return (attr.getAttributeCount() == 0);
         }
@@ -396,6 +398,7 @@ public boolean containsAttributes(AttributeSet attributes) {
         public AttributeSet getResolveParent() {
             return null;
         }
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (this == obj) {
                 return true;
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/StyleContext.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/StyleContext.java
index 59c3de36d593..ca312d8c5495 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/StyleContext.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/StyleContext.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.interning.qual.Interned;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import java.awt.Color;
@@ -906,6 +907,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
          * @return    <code>true</code> if the objects are equal;
          *            <code>false</code> otherwise.
          */
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj instanceof AttributeSet) {
                 AttributeSet attrs = (AttributeSet) obj;
@@ -962,6 +964,7 @@ public boolean isDefined(Object key) {
          * @return true if the same
          * @see AttributeSet#isEqual
          */
+        @Pure
         public boolean isEqual(AttributeSet attr) {
             if (attr instanceof SmallAttributeSet) {
                 return attr == this;
@@ -1277,6 +1280,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
          * @return    <code>true</code> if the objects are equal;
          *            <code>false</code> otherwise.
          */
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj instanceof FontKey) {
                 FontKey font = (FontKey)obj;
@@ -1474,6 +1478,7 @@ public boolean isDefined(Object attrName) {
          * @return true if the same
          * @see AttributeSet#isEqual
          */
+        @Pure
         public boolean isEqual(AttributeSet attr) {
             return attributes.isEqual(attr);
         }
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/html/HTML.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/html/HTML.java
index 7f77fe80d8f1..bfad12ffe2cb 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/html/HTML.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/javax/swing/text/html/HTML.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.interning.qual.Interned;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -625,6 +626,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
          * @return    <code>true</code> if the objects are equal;
          *            <code>false</code> otherwise
          */
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj instanceof UnknownTag) {
                 return toString().equals(obj.toString());
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/sun/font/AttributeValues.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/sun/font/AttributeValues.java
index 144ff215e94a..02d9d528e652 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/sun/font/AttributeValues.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/sun/font/AttributeValues.java
@@ -453,6 +453,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object rhs) {
         return false;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(AttributeValues rhs) {
         // test in order of most likely to differ and easiest to compare
         // also assumes we're generally calling this only if family,
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/sun/font/CoreMetrics.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/sun/font/CoreMetrics.java
index d174e00621bd..487f8eddaf4a 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/sun/font/CoreMetrics.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/sun/font/CoreMetrics.java
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object rhs) {
         }
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(CoreMetrics rhs) {
         if (rhs != null) {
             if (this == rhs) {
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/sun/font/StandardGlyphVector.java b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/sun/font/StandardGlyphVector.java
index 32000f5af5db..c98752338716 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/share/classes/sun/font/StandardGlyphVector.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/share/classes/sun/font/StandardGlyphVector.java
@@ -640,6 +640,7 @@ public GlyphJustificationInfo getGlyphJustificationInfo(int ix) {
         return null;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(GlyphVector rhs) {
         if (this == rhs) {
             return true;
@@ -1392,6 +1393,7 @@ static final class GlyphTransformInfo {
         }
 
         // used in sgv equality
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(GlyphTransformInfo rhs) {
             if (rhs == null) {
                 return false;
diff --git a/src/java.desktop/windows/classes/sun/awt/shell/Win32ShellFolder2.java b/src/java.desktop/windows/classes/sun/awt/shell/Win32ShellFolder2.java
index f26ffb3d4a44..88987f9b10eb 100644
--- a/src/java.desktop/windows/classes/sun/awt/shell/Win32ShellFolder2.java
+++ b/src/java.desktop/windows/classes/sun/awt/shell/Win32ShellFolder2.java
@@ -1261,6 +1261,7 @@ public boolean isSpecial() {
      *
      * @see sun.awt.shell.ShellFolder#compareTo(File)
      */
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(File file2) {
         if (!(file2 instanceof Win32ShellFolder2)) {
             if (isFileSystem() && !isSpecial()) {
@@ -1374,6 +1375,7 @@ public ColumnComparator(Win32ShellFolder2 shellFolder, int columnIdx) {
         }
 
         // compares 2 objects within this folder by the specified column
+        @Pure
         public int compare(final File o, final File o1) {
             Integer result = invoke(new Callable<Integer>() {
                 public Integer call() {
diff --git a/src/java.logging/share/classes/java/util/logging/Level.java b/src/java.logging/share/classes/java/util/logging/Level.java
index 6afa3bfae0e0..c510edf144bf 100644
--- a/src/java.logging/share/classes/java/util/logging/Level.java
+++ b/src/java.logging/share/classes/java/util/logging/Level.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.signature.qual.BinaryName;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.CFComment;
 
@@ -552,6 +553,7 @@ public static synchronized Level parse(String name) throws IllegalArgumentExcept
     @CFComment({"nullness: It returns false in case a NullPointerException is thrown"})
     @SuppressWarnings({"dereference.of.nullable"})
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(@Nullable Object ox) {
         try {
             Level lx = (Level)ox;
diff --git a/src/java.logging/share/classes/java/util/logging/LogManager.java b/src/java.logging/share/classes/java/util/logging/LogManager.java
index 86e77a3ae9a1..26b87bdeee56 100644
--- a/src/java.logging/share/classes/java/util/logging/LogManager.java
+++ b/src/java.logging/share/classes/java/util/logging/LogManager.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import org.checkerframework.checker.interning.qual.UsesObjectEquals;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.signature.qual.BinaryName;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import java.io.*;
@@ -202,6 +203,7 @@ private CloseOnReset(Logger ref) {
             this.logger = Objects.requireNonNull(ref);
         }
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
             return (other instanceof CloseOnReset) && ((CloseOnReset)other).logger == logger;
         }
diff --git a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/MBeanException.java b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/MBeanException.java
index be29e6c4d732..c0893b038d39 100644
--- a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/MBeanException.java
+++ b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/MBeanException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 package javax.management;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 /**
  * Represents "user defined" exceptions thrown by MBean methods
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ public class MBeanException extends JMException   {
      *
      * @param e the wrapped exception.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public MBeanException(java.lang.Exception e) {
         super() ;
         exception = e ;
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ public MBeanException(java.lang.Exception e) {
      * @param e the wrapped exception.
      * @param message the detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public MBeanException(java.lang.Exception e, @Nullable String message) {
         super(message) ;
         exception = e ;
@@ -84,6 +88,7 @@ public Exception getTargetException()  {
      *
      * @return the wrapped exception.
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return exception;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/MBeanInfo.java b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/MBeanInfo.java
index e666acb62b57..8da857ebf77c 100644
--- a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/MBeanInfo.java
+++ b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/MBeanInfo.java
@@ -612,6 +612,7 @@ public Boolean run() {
         }
     }
 
+    @Pure
     private static boolean isEqual(String s1, String s2) {
         boolean ret;
 
diff --git a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/ObjectName.java b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/ObjectName.java
index f5b26185eebf..ddda1011222a 100644
--- a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/ObjectName.java
+++ b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/ObjectName.java
@@ -2146,6 +2146,7 @@ public void setMBeanServer(MBeanServer mbs) { }
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(ObjectName name) {
         // Quick optimization:
         //
diff --git a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/ReflectionException.java b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/ReflectionException.java
index 92e9218fa67b..c9d2b953d7f4 100644
--- a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/ReflectionException.java
+++ b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/ReflectionException.java
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 /**
  * Represents exceptions thrown in the MBean server when using the
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ public class ReflectionException extends JMException   {
      *
      * @param e the wrapped exception.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public ReflectionException(java.lang.Exception e) {
         super() ;
         exception = e ;
@@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ public ReflectionException(java.lang.Exception e) {
      * @param e the wrapped exception.
      * @param message the detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public ReflectionException(java.lang.Exception e, @Nullable String message) {
         super(message) ;
         exception = e ;
@@ -82,6 +86,7 @@ public java.lang.Exception getTargetException()  {
      *
      * @return the wrapped {@link Exception}.
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return exception;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/RuntimeErrorException.java b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/RuntimeErrorException.java
index 0a77974b09d7..35feebb0992b 100644
--- a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/RuntimeErrorException.java
+++ b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/RuntimeErrorException.java
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 /**
  * When a <CODE>java.lang.Error</CODE> occurs in the agent it should be caught and
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ public class RuntimeErrorException extends JMRuntimeException   {
      *
      * @param e the wrapped error.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public RuntimeErrorException(java.lang.Error e) {
       super();
       error = e ;
@@ -60,6 +63,7 @@ public RuntimeErrorException(java.lang.Error e) {
      * @param e the wrapped error.
      * @param message the detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public RuntimeErrorException(java.lang.Error e, @Nullable String message) {
        super(message);
        error = e ;
@@ -79,6 +83,7 @@ public java.lang.Error getTargetError()  {
      *
      * @return the wrapped {@link Error}.
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return error;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/RuntimeMBeanException.java b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/RuntimeMBeanException.java
index 71495dddcae1..3fcffe88373f 100644
--- a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/RuntimeMBeanException.java
+++ b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/RuntimeMBeanException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 package javax.management;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 /**
  * Represents runtime exceptions thrown by MBean methods in
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ public class RuntimeMBeanException extends JMRuntimeException   {
      *
      * @param e the wrapped exception.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public RuntimeMBeanException(java.lang.RuntimeException e) {
         super() ;
         runtimeException = e ;
@@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ public RuntimeMBeanException(java.lang.RuntimeException e) {
      * @param e the wrapped exception.
      * @param message the detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public RuntimeMBeanException(java.lang.RuntimeException e, @Nullable String message) {
         super(message) ;
         runtimeException = e ;
@@ -82,6 +86,7 @@ public java.lang.RuntimeException getTargetException()  {
      *
      * @return the wrapped {@link RuntimeException}.
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return runtimeException;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/RuntimeOperationsException.java b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/RuntimeOperationsException.java
index 481b7a02892e..304bc36a648c 100644
--- a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/RuntimeOperationsException.java
+++ b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/RuntimeOperationsException.java
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 /**
  * Represents runtime exceptions thrown in the agent when performing operations on MBeans.
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ public class RuntimeOperationsException extends JMRuntimeException   {
      *
      * @param e the wrapped exception.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public RuntimeOperationsException(java.lang.RuntimeException e) {
         super() ;
         runtimeException = e ;
@@ -62,6 +65,7 @@ public RuntimeOperationsException(java.lang.RuntimeException e) {
      * @param e the wrapped exception.
      * @param message the detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public RuntimeOperationsException(java.lang.RuntimeException e, @Nullable String message) {
         super(message);
         runtimeException = e ;
@@ -81,6 +85,7 @@ public java.lang.RuntimeException getTargetException()  {
      *
      * @return the wrapped {@link RuntimeException}.
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return runtimeException;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/openmbean/CompositeType.java b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/openmbean/CompositeType.java
index 6dc32f4e3daf..6844fd85490a 100644
--- a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/openmbean/CompositeType.java
+++ b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/openmbean/CompositeType.java
@@ -365,6 +365,7 @@ boolean isAssignableFrom(OpenType<?> ot) {
      *
      * @return  <code>true</code> if the specified object is equal to this <code>CompositeType</code> instance.
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
 
         // if obj is null, return false
diff --git a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/openmbean/OpenMBeanAttributeInfoSupport.java b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/openmbean/OpenMBeanAttributeInfoSupport.java
index 8cc66641f68a..d572ee43aca0 100644
--- a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/openmbean/OpenMBeanAttributeInfoSupport.java
+++ b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/openmbean/OpenMBeanAttributeInfoSupport.java
@@ -571,6 +571,7 @@ static void check(OpenMBeanParameterInfo info) throws OpenDataException {
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+    @Pure
     static int compare(Object x, Object y) {
         return ((Comparable) x).compareTo(y);
     }
diff --git a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/remote/JMXProviderException.java b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/remote/JMXProviderException.java
index b4d482555a58..4170144d40b4 100644
--- a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/remote/JMXProviderException.java
+++ b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/remote/JMXProviderException.java
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 package javax.management.remote;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ public class JMXProviderException extends IOException {
      * <p>Constructs a <code>JMXProviderException</code> with no
      * specified detail message.</p>
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public JMXProviderException() {
     }
 
@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@ public JMXProviderException() {
      *
      * @param message the detail message
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public JMXProviderException(@Nullable String message) {
         super(message);
     }
@@ -67,11 +71,13 @@ public JMXProviderException(@Nullable String message) {
      * @param message the detail message
      * @param cause the nested exception
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public JMXProviderException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(message);
         this.cause = cause;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return cause;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/remote/JMXServerErrorException.java b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/remote/JMXServerErrorException.java
index f8b7a78c1ff3..41783f9f336d 100644
--- a/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/remote/JMXServerErrorException.java
+++ b/src/java.management/share/classes/javax/management/remote/JMXServerErrorException.java
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 package javax.management.remote;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
@@ -57,11 +59,13 @@ public class JMXServerErrorException extends IOException {
      * constructed where this parameter is null, but the standard
      * connectors will never do so.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public JMXServerErrorException(@Nullable String s, @Nullable Error err) {
         super(s);
         cause = err;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return cause;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.naming/share/classes/com/sun/jndi/ldap/LdapName.java b/src/java.naming/share/classes/com/sun/jndi/ldap/LdapName.java
index 1cd68a16099d..fd1ee963a257 100644
--- a/src/java.naming/share/classes/com/sun/jndi/ldap/LdapName.java
+++ b/src/java.naming/share/classes/com/sun/jndi/ldap/LdapName.java
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
                 (compareTo(obj) == 0));
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Object obj) {
         LdapName that = (LdapName)obj;
 
@@ -635,12 +636,14 @@ public String toString() {
             return new String(buf);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             return ((obj instanceof Rdn) &&
                     (compareTo(obj) == 0));
         }
 
         // Compare TypeAndValue components one by one, lexicographically.
+        @Pure
         public int compareTo(Object obj) {
             Rdn that = (Rdn)obj;
             int minSize = Math.min(tvs.size(), that.tvs.size());
@@ -710,6 +713,7 @@ public String toString() {
             return (type + "=" + value);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public int compareTo(Object obj) {
             // NB: Any change here affecting equality must be
             //     reflected in hashCode().
@@ -726,6 +730,7 @@ public int compareTo(Object obj) {
             return getValueComparable().compareTo(that.getValueComparable());
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             // NB:  Any change here must be reflected in hashCode().
             if (!(obj instanceof TypeAndValue)) {
@@ -766,6 +771,7 @@ Object getUnescapedValue() {
          * If "value" is binary, it is returned in uppercase but
          * otherwise unmodified.
          */
+        @Pure
         private String getValueComparable() {
             if (comparable != null) {
                 return comparable;      // return cached result
diff --git a/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/CompositeName.java b/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/CompositeName.java
index 52bffb4fa5da..82cfe1de64ae 100644
--- a/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/CompositeName.java
+++ b/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/CompositeName.java
@@ -330,6 +330,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
      *          is less than, equal to, or greater than the given Object.
      * @throws ClassCastException if obj is not a CompositeName.
      */
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Object obj) {
         if (!(obj instanceof CompositeName)) {
             throw new ClassCastException("Not a CompositeName");
diff --git a/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/CompoundName.java b/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/CompoundName.java
index a25d3128197c..741a4a134b3f 100644
--- a/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/CompoundName.java
+++ b/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/CompoundName.java
@@ -314,6 +314,7 @@ public Object clone() {
      * @throws ClassCastException if obj is not a CompoundName.
      * @see #equals(java.lang.Object)
      */
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Object obj) {
         if (!(obj instanceof CompoundName)) {
             throw new ClassCastException("Not a CompoundName");
diff --git a/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/NameImpl.java b/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/NameImpl.java
index 08340c6ae41d..064bd2bf82a6 100644
--- a/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/NameImpl.java
+++ b/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/NameImpl.java
@@ -515,6 +515,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
       * Note: using syntax of this NameImpl and ignoring
       * that of comparison target.
       */
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(NameImpl obj) {
         if (this == obj) {
             return 0;
diff --git a/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/NamingException.java b/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/NamingException.java
index ead249808523..5c6ac3efea11 100644
--- a/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/NamingException.java
+++ b/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/NamingException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 package javax.naming;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 /**
   * This is the superclass of all exceptions thrown by
@@ -125,6 +127,7 @@ public class NamingException extends Exception {
      *                          additional detail about this exception.
      * @see java.lang.Throwable#getMessage
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public NamingException(@Nullable String explanation) {
         super(explanation);
         resolvedName = remainingName = null;
@@ -135,6 +138,7 @@ public NamingException(@Nullable String explanation) {
       * Constructs a new NamingException.
       * All fields are set to null.
       */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public NamingException() {
         super();
         resolvedName = remainingName = null;
@@ -359,6 +363,7 @@ public void setRootCause(Throwable e) {
       * @see #initCause(Throwable)
       * @since 1.4
       */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return getRootCause();
     }
@@ -399,6 +404,7 @@ public Throwable initCause(Throwable cause) {
      * @return The non-null string containing the string representation
      * of this exception.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String toString() {
         String answer = super.toString();
 
diff --git a/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/ldap/LdapName.java b/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/ldap/LdapName.java
index af30c7281d90..de3c1cc53ddd 100644
--- a/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/ldap/LdapName.java
+++ b/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/ldap/LdapName.java
@@ -712,6 +712,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
      *          is less than, equal to, or greater than the given obj.
      * @exception ClassCastException if obj is null or not a LdapName.
      */
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Object obj) {
 
         if (!(obj instanceof LdapName)) {
diff --git a/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/ldap/Rdn.java b/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/ldap/Rdn.java
index 10199394caf2..f10632022d0d 100644
--- a/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/ldap/Rdn.java
+++ b/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/ldap/Rdn.java
@@ -325,6 +325,7 @@ public String toString() {
      *          is less than, equal to, or greater than the given Object.
      * @throws ClassCastException if obj is null or not a Rdn.
      */
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Object obj) {
         if (!(obj instanceof Rdn)) {
             throw new ClassCastException("The obj is not a Rdn");
@@ -444,6 +445,7 @@ Object getValue() {
             return value;
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public int compareTo(RdnEntry that) {
             int diff = type.compareToIgnoreCase(that.type);
             if (diff != 0) {
@@ -456,6 +458,7 @@ public int compareTo(RdnEntry that) {
                         that.getValueComparable());
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj == this) {
                 return true;
diff --git a/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/spi/NamingManager.java b/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/spi/NamingManager.java
index 61d7b101d656..b4694d427fbb 100644
--- a/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/spi/NamingManager.java
+++ b/src/java.naming/share/classes/javax/naming/spi/NamingManager.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 package javax.naming.spi;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.interning.qual.Interned;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 import java.security.AccessController;
@@ -762,10 +764,12 @@ private static class FactoryInitializationError extends Error {
         @java.io.Serial
         static final long serialVersionUID = -5805552256848841560L;
 
+        @SideEffectFree
         private FactoryInitializationError(NoInitialContextException cause) {
             super(cause);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         @Override
         public NoInitialContextException getCause() {
             return (NoInitialContextException) super.getCause();
diff --git a/src/java.net.http/share/classes/jdk/internal/net/http/ConnectionPool.java b/src/java.net.http/share/classes/jdk/internal/net/http/ConnectionPool.java
index 8986b90148f9..13cafd34171c 100644
--- a/src/java.net.http/share/classes/jdk/internal/net/http/ConnectionPool.java
+++ b/src/java.net.http/share/classes/jdk/internal/net/http/ConnectionPool.java
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ private CacheKey(boolean secure, InetSocketAddress destination,
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj == null) {
                 return false;
diff --git a/src/java.rmi/share/classes/java/rmi/RemoteException.java b/src/java.rmi/share/classes/java/rmi/RemoteException.java
index 6b74028ee071..951671fe20f9 100644
--- a/src/java.rmi/share/classes/java/rmi/RemoteException.java
+++ b/src/java.rmi/share/classes/java/rmi/RemoteException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 package java.rmi;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 /**
  * A {@code RemoteException} is the common superclass for a number of
@@ -67,6 +69,7 @@ public class RemoteException extends java.io.IOException {
     /**
      * Constructs a {@code RemoteException}.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public RemoteException() {
         initCause(null);  // Disallow subsequent initCause
     }
@@ -77,6 +80,7 @@ public RemoteException() {
      *
      * @param s the detail message
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public RemoteException(@Nullable String s) {
         super(s);
         initCause(null);  // Disallow subsequent initCause
@@ -90,6 +94,7 @@ public RemoteException(@Nullable String s) {
      * @param s the detail message
      * @param cause the cause
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public RemoteException(@Nullable String s, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(s);
         initCause(null);  // Disallow subsequent initCause
@@ -102,6 +107,7 @@ public RemoteException(@Nullable String s, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
      *
      * @return the detail message
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         if (detail == null) {
             return super.getMessage();
@@ -118,6 +124,7 @@ public String getMessage() {
      * @return  the cause, which may be {@code null}.
      * @since   1.4
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return detail;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.rmi/share/classes/java/rmi/server/ServerCloneException.java b/src/java.rmi/share/classes/java/rmi/server/ServerCloneException.java
index 9dcf16e1ef2c..f189e4c54f9d 100644
--- a/src/java.rmi/share/classes/java/rmi/server/ServerCloneException.java
+++ b/src/java.rmi/share/classes/java/rmi/server/ServerCloneException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 package java.rmi.server;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 /**
  * A {@code ServerCloneException} is thrown if a remote exception occurs
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@ public class ServerCloneException extends CloneNotSupportedException {
      *
      * @param s the detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public ServerCloneException(@Nullable String s) {
         super(s);
         initCause(null);  // Disallow subsequent initCause
@@ -80,6 +83,7 @@ public ServerCloneException(@Nullable String s) {
      * @param s the detail message.
      * @param cause the cause
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public ServerCloneException(@Nullable String s, @Nullable Exception cause) {
         super(s);
         initCause(null);  // Disallow subsequent initCause
@@ -92,6 +96,7 @@ public ServerCloneException(@Nullable String s, @Nullable Exception cause) {
      *
      * @return the detail message
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String getMessage() {
         if (detail == null)
             return super.getMessage();
@@ -108,6 +113,7 @@ public String getMessage() {
      * @return  the cause, which may be {@code null}.
      * @since   1.4
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return detail;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/org/ietf/jgss/GSSName.java b/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/org/ietf/jgss/GSSName.java
index bed5d256e459..f6ae338946fd 100644
--- a/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/org/ietf/jgss/GSSName.java
+++ b/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/org/ietf/jgss/GSSName.java
@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ public interface GSSName {
      *         {@link GSSException#BAD_NAMETYPE GSSException.BAD_NAMETYPE},
      *         {@link GSSException#FAILURE GSSException.FAILURE}
      */
+    @Pure
     boolean equals(GSSName another) throws GSSException;
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/GSSCredentialImpl.java b/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/GSSCredentialImpl.java
index e362db843ece..ca82e089bb84 100644
--- a/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/GSSCredentialImpl.java
+++ b/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/GSSCredentialImpl.java
@@ -676,6 +676,7 @@ public Oid getMech() {
         public int getUsage() {
             return usage;
         }
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
             if (! (other instanceof SearchKey that))
                 return false;
diff --git a/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/GSSNameImpl.java b/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/GSSNameImpl.java
index ac364949280f..3bfc6b6d3dbe 100644
--- a/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/GSSNameImpl.java
+++ b/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/GSSNameImpl.java
@@ -283,6 +283,7 @@ public GSSName canonicalize(Oid mech) throws GSSException {
      * names are equals, then there is some mechanism that
      * authenticates them as the same principal.
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(GSSName other) throws GSSException {
 
         if (this.isAnonymous() || other.isAnonymous())
diff --git a/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/krb5/Krb5NameElement.java b/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/krb5/Krb5NameElement.java
index 3e3824e4f7e0..73647f9a9f91 100644
--- a/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/krb5/Krb5NameElement.java
+++ b/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/krb5/Krb5NameElement.java
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ public final PrincipalName getKrb5PrincipalName() {
      * @exception GSSException with major codes of BAD_NAMETYPE,
      *  BAD_NAME, FAILURE
      */
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(GSSNameSpi other) throws GSSException {
 
         if (other == this)
diff --git a/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/spi/GSSNameSpi.java b/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/spi/GSSNameSpi.java
index 8f7fcbdaa40c..c4bd2e415791 100644
--- a/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/spi/GSSNameSpi.java
+++ b/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/spi/GSSNameSpi.java
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ public interface GSSNameSpi {
      * @exception GSSException with major codes of BAD_NAMETYPE,
      *    BAD_NAME, FAILURE
      */
+    @Pure
     boolean equals(GSSNameSpi name) throws GSSException;
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/wrapper/GSSNameElement.java b/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/wrapper/GSSNameElement.java
index b1cd4d782c07..f0c8961e50f3 100644
--- a/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/wrapper/GSSNameElement.java
+++ b/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/jgss/wrapper/GSSNameElement.java
@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ public Provider getProvider() {
         return SunNativeProvider.INSTANCE;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(GSSNameSpi other) throws GSSException {
         if (!(other instanceof GSSNameElement)) {
             return false;
diff --git a/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/krb5/internal/rcache/AuthTimeWithHash.java b/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/krb5/internal/rcache/AuthTimeWithHash.java
index 9d341f50f2df..78060ea44a85 100644
--- a/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/krb5/internal/rcache/AuthTimeWithHash.java
+++ b/src/java.security.jgss/share/classes/sun/security/krb5/internal/rcache/AuthTimeWithHash.java
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ public String toString() {
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(AuthTimeWithHash other) {
         int cmp = 0;
         if (ctime != other.ctime) {
diff --git a/src/java.security.sasl/share/classes/javax/security/sasl/SaslException.java b/src/java.security.sasl/share/classes/javax/security/sasl/SaslException.java
index c11f6299997f..d82f60925b53 100644
--- a/src/java.security.sasl/share/classes/javax/security/sasl/SaslException.java
+++ b/src/java.security.sasl/share/classes/javax/security/sasl/SaslException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 package javax.security.sasl;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ public class SaslException extends IOException {
      * Constructs a new instance of {@code SaslException}.
      * The root exception and the detailed message are null.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SaslException () {
         super();
     }
@@ -61,6 +64,7 @@ public SaslException () {
      *
      * @see java.lang.Throwable#getMessage
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SaslException (@Nullable String detail) {
         super(detail);
     }
@@ -81,6 +85,7 @@ public SaslException (@Nullable String detail) {
      * @see java.lang.Throwable#getMessage
      * @see #getCause
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SaslException (@Nullable String detail, @Nullable Throwable ex) {
         super(detail);
         if (ex != null) {
@@ -92,6 +97,7 @@ public SaslException (@Nullable String detail, @Nullable Throwable ex) {
      * Override Throwable.getCause() to ensure deserialized object from
      * JSR 28 would return same value for getCause() (i.e., _exception).
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return _exception;
     }
@@ -118,6 +124,7 @@ public Throwable initCause(Throwable cause) {
      * @see java.lang.Throwable#getMessage
      */
     // Override Throwable.toString() to conform to JSR 28
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String toString() {
         String answer = super.toString();
         if (_exception != null && _exception != this) {
diff --git a/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/BatchUpdateException.java b/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/BatchUpdateException.java
index 971592167764..6588695133ad 100644
--- a/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/BatchUpdateException.java
+++ b/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/BatchUpdateException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package java.sql;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@ public class BatchUpdateException extends SQLException {
    * @see #BatchUpdateException(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int, long[],
    * java.lang.Throwable)
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public BatchUpdateException( @Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState, int vendorCode,
                                int @Nullable [] updateCounts ) {
       super(reason, SQLState, vendorCode);
@@ -133,6 +135,7 @@ public BatchUpdateException( @Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState,
    * @see #BatchUpdateException(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int, long[],
    * java.lang.Throwable)
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public BatchUpdateException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState,
                               int @Nullable [] updateCounts) {
       this(reason, SQLState, 0, updateCounts);
@@ -165,6 +168,7 @@ public BatchUpdateException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState,
    * @see #BatchUpdateException(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int, long[],
    * java.lang.Throwable)
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public  BatchUpdateException(@Nullable String reason, int @Nullable [] updateCounts) {
       this(reason, null, 0, updateCounts);
   }
@@ -194,6 +198,7 @@ public  BatchUpdateException(@Nullable String reason, int @Nullable [] updateCou
    * @see #BatchUpdateException(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int, long[],
    * java.lang.Throwable)
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public BatchUpdateException(int @Nullable [] updateCounts) {
       this(null, null, 0, updateCounts);
   }
@@ -210,6 +215,7 @@ public BatchUpdateException(int @Nullable [] updateCounts) {
    * @see #BatchUpdateException(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int, long[],
    * java.lang.Throwable)
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public BatchUpdateException() {
         this(null, null, 0, null);
   }
@@ -230,6 +236,7 @@ public BatchUpdateException() {
    * @see #BatchUpdateException(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int, long[],
    * java.lang.Throwable)
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public BatchUpdateException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
       this((cause == null ? null : cause.toString()), null, 0, (int[])null, cause);
   }
@@ -263,6 +270,7 @@ public BatchUpdateException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
    * @see #BatchUpdateException(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int, long[],
    * java.lang.Throwable)
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public BatchUpdateException(int @Nullable []updateCounts , @Nullable Throwable cause) {
       this((cause == null ? null : cause.toString()), null, 0, updateCounts, cause);
   }
@@ -294,6 +302,7 @@ public BatchUpdateException(int @Nullable []updateCounts , @Nullable Throwable c
    * @see #BatchUpdateException(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int, long[],
    * java.lang.Throwable)
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public BatchUpdateException(@Nullable String reason, int @Nullable []updateCounts, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
       this(reason, null, 0, updateCounts, cause);
   }
@@ -327,6 +336,7 @@ public BatchUpdateException(@Nullable String reason, int @Nullable []updateCount
    * @see #BatchUpdateException(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int, long[],
    * java.lang.Throwable)
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public BatchUpdateException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState,
           int @Nullable []updateCounts, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
       this(reason, SQLState, 0, updateCounts, cause);
@@ -362,6 +372,7 @@ public BatchUpdateException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState,
    * @see #BatchUpdateException(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int, long[],
    * java.lang.Throwable)
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public BatchUpdateException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState, int vendorCode,
                                 int @Nullable []updateCounts,@Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(reason, SQLState, vendorCode, cause);
@@ -429,6 +440,7 @@ public BatchUpdateException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState,
    * may be null indicating the cause is non-existent or unknown.
    * @since 1.8
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public BatchUpdateException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState, int vendorCode,
           long @Nullable []updateCounts,@Nullable Throwable cause) {
       super(reason, SQLState, vendorCode, cause);
diff --git a/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/SQLClientInfoException.java b/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/SQLClientInfoException.java
index f4eb3e26ef30..8aedd7de914a 100644
--- a/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/SQLClientInfoException.java
+++ b/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/SQLClientInfoException.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 package java.sql;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ public class SQLClientInfoException extends SQLException {
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
+        @SideEffectFree
         public SQLClientInfoException() {
 
                 this.failedProperties = null;
@@ -90,6 +92,7 @@ public SQLClientInfoException() {
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
+        @SideEffectFree
         public SQLClientInfoException(@Nullable Map<String, ClientInfoStatus> failedProperties) {
 
                 this.failedProperties = failedProperties;
@@ -114,6 +117,7 @@ public SQLClientInfoException(@Nullable Map<String, ClientInfoStatus> failedProp
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
+        @SideEffectFree
         public SQLClientInfoException(@Nullable Map<String, ClientInfoStatus> failedProperties,
                                                            @Nullable Throwable cause) {
 
@@ -142,6 +146,7 @@ public SQLClientInfoException(@Nullable Map<String, ClientInfoStatus> failedProp
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
+        @SideEffectFree
         public SQLClientInfoException(@Nullable String reason,
                 @Nullable Map<String, ClientInfoStatus> failedProperties) {
 
@@ -168,6 +173,7 @@ public SQLClientInfoException(@Nullable String reason,
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
+        @SideEffectFree
         public SQLClientInfoException(@Nullable String reason,
                                                            @Nullable Map<String, ClientInfoStatus> failedProperties,
                                                            @Nullable Throwable cause) {
@@ -197,6 +203,7 @@ public SQLClientInfoException(@Nullable String reason,
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
+        @SideEffectFree
         public SQLClientInfoException(@Nullable String reason,
                                                            @Nullable String SQLState,
                                                            @Nullable Map<String, ClientInfoStatus> failedProperties) {
@@ -223,6 +230,7 @@ public SQLClientInfoException(@Nullable String reason,
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
+        @SideEffectFree
         public SQLClientInfoException(@Nullable String reason,
                                                            @Nullable String SQLState,
                                                            @Nullable Map<String, ClientInfoStatus> failedProperties,
@@ -253,6 +261,7 @@ public SQLClientInfoException(@Nullable String reason,
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
+        @SideEffectFree
         public SQLClientInfoException(@Nullable String reason,
                                                            @Nullable String SQLState,
                                                            int vendorCode,
@@ -282,6 +291,7 @@ public SQLClientInfoException(@Nullable String reason,
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
+        @SideEffectFree
         public SQLClientInfoException(@Nullable String reason,
                                                            @Nullable String SQLState,
                                                            int vendorCode,
diff --git a/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/SQLException.java b/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/SQLException.java
index f77ab4ffbd96..f14166441fb2 100644
--- a/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/SQLException.java
+++ b/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/SQLException.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ public class SQLException extends java.lang.Exception
      * @param SQLState an XOPEN or SQL:2003 code identifying the exception
      * @param vendorCode a database vendor-specific exception code
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SQLException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState, int vendorCode) {
         super(reason);
         this.SQLState = SQLState;
@@ -97,6 +99,7 @@ public SQLException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState, int vend
      * @param reason a description of the exception
      * @param SQLState an XOPEN or SQL:2003 code identifying the exception
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SQLException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState) {
         super(reason);
         this.SQLState = SQLState;
@@ -120,6 +123,7 @@ public SQLException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState) {
      *
      * @param reason a description of the exception
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SQLException(@Nullable String reason) {
         super(reason);
         this.SQLState = null;
@@ -141,6 +145,7 @@ public SQLException(@Nullable String reason) {
      * {@link Throwable#initCause(java.lang.Throwable)} method.
      *
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SQLException() {
         super();
         this.SQLState = null;
@@ -166,6 +171,7 @@ public SQLException() {
      * may be null indicating the cause is non-existent or unknown.
      * @since 1.6
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SQLException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(cause);
 
@@ -188,6 +194,7 @@ public SQLException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
      * may be null indicating the cause is non-existent or unknown.
      * @since 1.6
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SQLException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(reason,cause);
 
@@ -211,6 +218,7 @@ public SQLException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
      *     the cause is non-existent or unknown.
      * @since 1.6
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SQLException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String sqlState, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(reason,cause);
 
@@ -237,6 +245,7 @@ public SQLException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String sqlState, @Nullabl
      * may be null indicating the cause is non-existent or unknown.
      * @since 1.6
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SQLException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String sqlState, int vendorCode, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(reason,cause);
 
diff --git a/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/SQLWarning.java b/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/SQLWarning.java
index 84d40274b9e1..de7b554bba4a 100644
--- a/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/SQLWarning.java
+++ b/src/java.sql/share/classes/java/sql/SQLWarning.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package java.sql;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 /**
  * <P>An exception that provides information on  database access
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ public class SQLWarning extends SQLException {
      * @param SQLState an XOPEN or SQL:2003 code identifying the warning
      * @param vendorCode a database vendor-specific warning code
      */
+     @SideEffectFree
      public SQLWarning(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState, int vendorCode) {
         super(reason, SQLState, vendorCode);
         DriverManager.println("SQLWarning: reason(" + reason +
@@ -80,6 +82,7 @@ public SQLWarning(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState, int vendor
      * @param reason a description of the warning
      * @param SQLState an XOPEN or SQL:2003 code identifying the warning
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SQLWarning(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState) {
         super(reason, SQLState);
         DriverManager.println("SQLWarning: reason(" + reason +
@@ -98,6 +101,7 @@ public SQLWarning(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState) {
      *
      * @param reason a description of the warning
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SQLWarning(@Nullable String reason) {
         super(reason);
         DriverManager.println("SQLWarning: reason(" + reason + ")");
@@ -113,6 +117,7 @@ public SQLWarning(@Nullable String reason) {
      * {@link Throwable#initCause(java.lang.Throwable)} method.
      *
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SQLWarning() {
         super();
         DriverManager.println("SQLWarning: ");
@@ -130,6 +135,7 @@ public SQLWarning() {
      * @param cause the underlying reason for this {@code SQLWarning} (which is saved for later retrieval by the {@code getCause()} method); may be null indicating
      *     the cause is non-existent or unknown.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SQLWarning(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(cause);
         DriverManager.println("SQLWarning");
@@ -147,6 +153,7 @@ public SQLWarning(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
      * (which is saved for later retrieval by the {@code getCause()} method);
      * may be null indicating the cause is non-existent or unknown.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SQLWarning(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(reason,cause);
         DriverManager.println("SQLWarning : reason("+ reason + ")");
@@ -163,6 +170,7 @@ public SQLWarning(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
      * @param cause the underlying reason for this {@code SQLWarning} (which is saved for later retrieval by the {@code getCause()} method); may be null indicating
      *     the cause is non-existent or unknown.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SQLWarning(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(reason,SQLState,cause);
         DriverManager.println("SQLWarning: reason(" + reason +
@@ -181,6 +189,7 @@ public SQLWarning(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState, @Nullable
      * @param cause the underlying reason for this {@code SQLWarning} (which is saved for later retrieval by the {@code getCause()} method); may be null indicating
      *     the cause is non-existent or unknown.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SQLWarning(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable String SQLState, int vendorCode, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(reason,SQLState,vendorCode,cause);
         DriverManager.println("SQLWarning: reason(" + reason +
diff --git a/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/KeySelectorException.java b/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/KeySelectorException.java
index ef5e087d43b4..e865151eb558 100644
--- a/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/KeySelectorException.java
+++ b/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/KeySelectorException.java
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
 package javax.xml.crypto;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
@@ -59,6 +61,7 @@ public class KeySelectorException extends Exception {
      * Constructs a new {@code KeySelectorException} with
      * {@code null} as its detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public KeySelectorException() {
         super();
     }
@@ -69,6 +72,7 @@ public KeySelectorException() {
      *
      * @param message the detail message
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public KeySelectorException(@Nullable String message) {
         super(message);
     }
@@ -84,6 +88,7 @@ public KeySelectorException(@Nullable String message) {
      * @param cause the cause (A {@code null} value is permitted, and
      *        indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public KeySelectorException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(message);
         this.cause = cause;
@@ -99,6 +104,7 @@ public KeySelectorException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause)
      * @param cause the cause (A {@code null} value is permitted, and
      *        indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public KeySelectorException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(cause==null ? null : cause.toString());
         this.cause = cause;
@@ -113,6 +119,7 @@ public KeySelectorException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
      * @return the cause of this {@code KeySelectorException} or
      *         {@code null} if the cause is nonexistent or unknown.
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return cause;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/MarshalException.java b/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/MarshalException.java
index 8d68382d645a..8405c8b8d47f 100644
--- a/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/MarshalException.java
+++ b/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/MarshalException.java
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
 package javax.xml.crypto;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
@@ -67,6 +69,7 @@ public class MarshalException extends Exception {
      * Constructs a new {@code MarshalException} with
      * {@code null} as its detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public MarshalException() {
         super();
     }
@@ -77,6 +80,7 @@ public MarshalException() {
      *
      * @param message the detail message
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public MarshalException(@Nullable String message) {
         super(message);
     }
@@ -92,6 +96,7 @@ public MarshalException(@Nullable String message) {
      * @param cause the cause (A {@code null} value is permitted, and
      *        indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public MarshalException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(message);
         this.cause = cause;
@@ -105,6 +110,7 @@ public MarshalException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
      * @param cause the cause (A {@code null} value is permitted, and
      *        indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public MarshalException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(cause==null ? null : cause.toString());
         this.cause = cause;
@@ -119,6 +125,7 @@ public MarshalException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
      * @return the cause of this {@code MarshalException} or
      *         {@code null} if the cause is nonexistent or unknown.
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return cause;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/NoSuchMechanismException.java b/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/NoSuchMechanismException.java
index 202472bb29a4..a19443f6bb8b 100644
--- a/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/NoSuchMechanismException.java
+++ b/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/NoSuchMechanismException.java
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
 package javax.xml.crypto;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@ public class NoSuchMechanismException extends RuntimeException {
      * Constructs a new {@code NoSuchMechanismException} with
      * {@code null} as its detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public NoSuchMechanismException() {
         super();
     }
@@ -78,6 +81,7 @@ public NoSuchMechanismException() {
      *
      * @param message the detail message
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public NoSuchMechanismException(@Nullable String message) {
         super(message);
     }
@@ -93,6 +97,7 @@ public NoSuchMechanismException(@Nullable String message) {
      * @param cause the cause (A {@code null} value is permitted, and
      *        indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public NoSuchMechanismException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(message);
         this.cause = cause;
@@ -107,6 +112,7 @@ public NoSuchMechanismException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable ca
      * @param cause the cause (A {@code null} value is permitted, and
      *        indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public NoSuchMechanismException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(cause==null ? null : cause.toString());
         this.cause = cause;
@@ -121,6 +127,7 @@ public NoSuchMechanismException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
      * @return the cause of this {@code NoSuchMechanismException} or
      *         {@code null} if the cause is nonexistent or unknown.
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return cause;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/URIReferenceException.java b/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/URIReferenceException.java
index f23eab386cc9..b2332d878d36 100644
--- a/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/URIReferenceException.java
+++ b/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/URIReferenceException.java
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
 package javax.xml.crypto;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@ public class URIReferenceException extends Exception {
      * Constructs a new {@code URIReferenceException} with
      * {@code null} as its detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public URIReferenceException() {
         super();
     }
@@ -80,6 +83,7 @@ public URIReferenceException() {
      *
      * @param message the detail message
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public URIReferenceException(@Nullable String message) {
         super(message);
     }
@@ -95,6 +99,7 @@ public URIReferenceException(@Nullable String message) {
      * @param cause the cause (A {@code null} value is permitted, and
      *        indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public URIReferenceException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(message);
         this.cause = cause;
@@ -115,6 +120,7 @@ public URIReferenceException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause
      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code uriReference} is
      *    {@code null}
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public URIReferenceException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause,
         URIReference uriReference) {
         this(message, cause);
@@ -133,6 +139,7 @@ public URIReferenceException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause
      * @param cause the cause (A {@code null} value is permitted, and
      *        indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public URIReferenceException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(cause==null ? null : cause.toString());
         this.cause = cause;
@@ -158,6 +165,7 @@ public URIReference getURIReference() {
      * @return the cause of this {@code URIReferenceException} or
      *    {@code null} if the cause is nonexistent or unknown.
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return cause;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/dsig/TransformException.java b/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/dsig/TransformException.java
index f32642d58080..04af109d3c73 100644
--- a/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/dsig/TransformException.java
+++ b/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/dsig/TransformException.java
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
 package javax.xml.crypto.dsig;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@ public class TransformException extends Exception {
      * Constructs a new {@code TransformException} with
      * {@code null} as its detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public TransformException() {
         super();
     }
@@ -71,6 +74,7 @@ public TransformException() {
      *
      * @param message the detail message
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public TransformException(@Nullable String message) {
         super(message);
     }
@@ -86,6 +90,7 @@ public TransformException(@Nullable String message) {
      * @param cause the cause (A {@code null} value is permitted, and
      *        indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public TransformException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(message);
         this.cause = cause;
@@ -101,6 +106,7 @@ public TransformException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
      * @param cause the cause (A {@code null} value is permitted, and
      *        indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public TransformException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(cause==null ? null : cause.toString());
         this.cause = cause;
@@ -115,6 +121,7 @@ public TransformException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
      * @return the cause of this {@code TransformException} or
      *         {@code null} if the cause is nonexistent or unknown.
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return cause;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/dsig/XMLSignatureException.java b/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/dsig/XMLSignatureException.java
index 5fb4c21ad7e2..f8960ffd86b6 100644
--- a/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/dsig/XMLSignatureException.java
+++ b/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/javax/xml/crypto/dsig/XMLSignatureException.java
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
 package javax.xml.crypto.dsig;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ public class XMLSignatureException extends Exception {
      * Constructs a new {@code XMLSignatureException} with
      * {@code null} as its detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public XMLSignatureException() {
         super();
     }
@@ -68,6 +71,7 @@ public XMLSignatureException() {
      *
      * @param message the detail message
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public XMLSignatureException(@Nullable String message) {
         super(message);
     }
@@ -83,6 +87,7 @@ public XMLSignatureException(@Nullable String message) {
      * @param cause the cause (A {@code null} value is permitted, and
      *        indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public XMLSignatureException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(message);
         this.cause = cause;
@@ -98,6 +103,7 @@ public XMLSignatureException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause
      * @param cause the cause (A {@code null} value is permitted, and
      *        indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public XMLSignatureException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
         super(cause==null ? null : cause.toString());
         this.cause = cause;
@@ -112,6 +118,7 @@ public XMLSignatureException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
      * @return the cause of this {@code XMLSignatureException} or
      *         {@code null} if the cause is nonexistent or unknown.
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return cause;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/org/jcp/xml/dsig/internal/dom/DOMXMLSignature.java b/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/org/jcp/xml/dsig/internal/dom/DOMXMLSignature.java
index 96155e564fbb..127712dd6667 100644
--- a/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/org/jcp/xml/dsig/internal/dom/DOMXMLSignature.java
+++ b/src/java.xml.crypto/share/classes/org/jcp/xml/dsig/internal/dom/DOMXMLSignature.java
@@ -586,6 +586,7 @@ public boolean validate(XMLValidateContext validateContext)
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             if (this == o) {
                 return true;
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/bcel/internal/generic/ClassGen.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/bcel/internal/generic/ClassGen.java
index 3a1a9498d888..d1f5f85eeeb8 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/bcel/internal/generic/ClassGen.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/bcel/internal/generic/ClassGen.java
@@ -283,6 +283,7 @@ public Method containsMethod(final String name, final String signature) {
      * @see Object#equals(Object)
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
         return bcelComparator.equals(this, obj);
     }
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/dv/xs/ListDV.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/dv/xs/ListDV.java
index 783b02a36fa9..5b4469277df6 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/dv/xs/ListDV.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/dv/xs/ListDV.java
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ public synchronized String toString() {
         public int getLength() {
             return data.length;
         }
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (!(obj instanceof ListData))
                 return false;
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/dv/xs/XSSimpleTypeDecl.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/dv/xs/XSSimpleTypeDecl.java
index 9a1001c67130..ea707adf0895 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/dv/xs/XSSimpleTypeDecl.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/dv/xs/XSSimpleTypeDecl.java
@@ -1964,6 +1964,7 @@ else if (fPatternType == SPECIAL_PATTERN_NCNAME) {
 
     }//getActualValue()
 
+    @Pure
     public boolean isEqual(Object value1, Object value2) {
         if (value1 == null) {
             return false;
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/xpath/regex/RegularExpression.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/xpath/regex/RegularExpression.java
index 530d67995dd2..c2074972fcf5 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/xpath/regex/RegularExpression.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/xpath/regex/RegularExpression.java
@@ -1756,7 +1756,9 @@ else if (this.firstChar != null) {
 
     static abstract class ExpressionTarget {
         abstract char charAt(int index);
+        @Pure
         abstract boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int offset, int limit, String part, int partlen);
+        @Pure
         abstract boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int offset, int limit, int offset2, int partlen);
     }
 
@@ -1776,6 +1778,7 @@ final char charAt(int index) {
             return target.charAt(index);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         final boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int offset, int limit,
                               String part, int partlen) {
             if (limit-offset < partlen) {
@@ -1784,6 +1787,7 @@ final boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int offset, int limit,
             return (ignoreCase) ? target.regionMatches(true, offset, part, 0, partlen) : target.regionMatches(offset, part, 0, partlen);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         final boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int offset, int limit,
                                     int offset2, int partlen) {
             if (limit-offset < partlen) {
@@ -1810,6 +1814,7 @@ char charAt(int index) {
             return target[index];
         }
 
+        @Pure
         final boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int offset, int limit,
                 String part, int partlen) {
             if (offset < 0 || limit-offset < partlen)  {
@@ -1819,6 +1824,7 @@ final boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int offset, int limit,
                                 : regionMatches(offset, limit, part, partlen);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         private final boolean regionMatches(int offset, int limit, String part, int partlen) {
             int i = 0;
             while (partlen-- > 0) {
@@ -1849,6 +1855,7 @@ private final boolean regionMatchesIgnoreCase(int offset, int limit, String part
             return true;
         }
 
+        @Pure
         final boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int offset, int limit, int offset2, int partlen) {
             if (offset < 0 || limit-offset < partlen) {
                 return false;
@@ -1857,6 +1864,7 @@ final boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int offset, int limit, int offse
                                 : regionMatches(offset, limit, offset2, partlen);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         private final boolean regionMatches(int offset, int limit, int offset2, int partlen) {
             int i = offset2;
             while (partlen-- > 0) {
@@ -1902,6 +1910,7 @@ final char charAt(int index) {
             return target.setIndex(index);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         final boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int offset, int limit,
                 String part, int partlen) {
             if (offset < 0 || limit-offset < partlen)  {
@@ -1911,6 +1920,7 @@ final boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int offset, int limit,
                                 : regionMatches(offset, limit, part, partlen);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         private final boolean regionMatches(int offset, int limit, String part, int partlen) {
             int i = 0;
             while (partlen-- > 0) {
@@ -1941,6 +1951,7 @@ private final boolean regionMatchesIgnoreCase(int offset, int limit, String part
             return true;
         }
 
+        @Pure
         final boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int offset, int limit, int offset2, int partlen) {
             if (offset < 0 || limit-offset < partlen) {
                 return false;
@@ -1949,6 +1960,7 @@ final boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int offset, int limit, int offse
                                 : regionMatches(offset, limit, offset2, partlen);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         private final boolean regionMatches(int offset, int limit, int offset2, int partlen) {
             int i = offset2;
             while (partlen-- > 0) {
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/xs/XMLSchemaValidator.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/xs/XMLSchemaValidator.java
index 6634a71b7a6a..460d084e9caa 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/xs/XMLSchemaValidator.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/xs/XMLSchemaValidator.java
@@ -4544,6 +4544,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
             return fId.hashCode() + fDepth;
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object localIDKey) {
             if (localIDKey instanceof LocalIDKey) {
                 LocalIDKey lIDKey = (LocalIDKey) localIDKey;
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/xs/util/XSNamedMapImpl.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/xs/util/XSNamedMapImpl.java
index 1c77a50f30d7..059440c73b62 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/xs/util/XSNamedMapImpl.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/impl/xs/util/XSNamedMapImpl.java
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ public synchronized XSObject item(int index) {
         return fArray[index];
     }
 
+    @Pure
     static boolean isEqual(String one, String two) {
         return (one != null) ? one.equals(two) : (two == null);
     }
@@ -278,6 +279,7 @@ public XSObject getValue() {
         public XSObject setValue(XSObject value) {
             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
         }
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(XSNamedMapEntry o) {
             if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
                 Map.Entry<QName, XSObject> e = (Map.Entry<QName, XSObject>) o;
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/jaxp/datatype/XMLGregorianCalendarImpl.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/jaxp/datatype/XMLGregorianCalendarImpl.java
index 4fa47a5358cd..83e2351f0ae7 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/jaxp/datatype/XMLGregorianCalendarImpl.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/jaxp/datatype/XMLGregorianCalendarImpl.java
@@ -1455,6 +1455,7 @@ public final void setTime(int hour, int minute, int second, int millisecond) {
      * @throws NullPointerException if <code>lhs</code> or <code>rhs</code>
      * parameters are null.
      */
+    @Pure
     public int compare(XMLGregorianCalendar rhs) {
 
         XMLGregorianCalendar lhs = this;
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/xni/XNIException.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/xni/XNIException.java
index 1217c7974077..454d31c1b3d7 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/xni/XNIException.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/com/sun/org/apache/xerces/internal/xni/XNIException.java
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 package com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.xni;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 /**
  * This exception is the base exception of all XNI exceptions. It
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ public class XNIException
      *
      * @param message The exception message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public XNIException(@Nullable String message) {
         super(message);
     } // <init>(String)
@@ -67,6 +70,7 @@ public XNIException(@Nullable String message) {
      *
      * @param exception The wrapped exception.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public XNIException(Exception exception) {
         super(exception.getMessage());
         fException = exception;
@@ -78,6 +82,7 @@ public XNIException(Exception exception) {
      * @param message The exception message.
      * @param exception The wrapped exception.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public XNIException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Exception exception) {
         super(message);
         fException = exception;
@@ -92,6 +97,7 @@ public XNIException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Exception exception) {
         return fException;
     } // getException():Exception
 
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
        return fException;
     }
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/datatype/XMLGregorianCalendar.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/datatype/XMLGregorianCalendar.java
index 27934f92cf88..075d10e0c279 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/datatype/XMLGregorianCalendar.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/datatype/XMLGregorianCalendar.java
@@ -667,6 +667,7 @@ public int getMillisecond() {
      *
      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code xmlGregorianCalendar} is null.
      */
+    @Pure
     public abstract int compare(XMLGregorianCalendar xmlGregorianCalendar);
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/parsers/FactoryConfigurationError.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/parsers/FactoryConfigurationError.java
index a399a12b5070..8bee6bec1d6f 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/parsers/FactoryConfigurationError.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/parsers/FactoryConfigurationError.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 package javax.xml.parsers;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 /**
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ public class FactoryConfigurationError extends Error {
      * detail message.
      */
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     public FactoryConfigurationError() {
         super();
         this.exception = null;
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ public FactoryConfigurationError() {
      * @param msg The error message for the exception.
      */
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     public FactoryConfigurationError(@Nullable String msg) {
         super(msg);
         this.exception = null;
@@ -78,6 +82,7 @@ public FactoryConfigurationError(@Nullable String msg) {
      * FactoryConfigurationError.
      */
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     public FactoryConfigurationError(Exception e) {
         super(e.toString());
         this.exception = e;
@@ -92,6 +97,7 @@ public FactoryConfigurationError(Exception e) {
      * @param msg The detail message.
      */
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     public FactoryConfigurationError(@Nullable Exception e, @Nullable String msg) {
         super(msg);
         this.exception = e;
@@ -108,6 +114,7 @@ public FactoryConfigurationError(@Nullable Exception e, @Nullable String msg) {
      * @return The error message.
      */
 
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable String getMessage () {
         String message = super.getMessage ();
 
@@ -132,6 +139,7 @@ public FactoryConfigurationError(@Nullable Exception e, @Nullable String msg) {
     /**
      * use the exception chaining mechanism of JDK1.4
     */
+    @Pure
     @Override
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return exception;
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/parsers/ParserConfigurationException.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/parsers/ParserConfigurationException.java
index f8a5d0407933..31a5b1a9c1af 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/parsers/ParserConfigurationException.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/parsers/ParserConfigurationException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package javax.xml.parsers;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 import org.checkerframework.framework.qual.AnnotatedFor;
 
 /**
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ public class ParserConfigurationException extends Exception {
      * detail message.
      */
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     public ParserConfigurationException() {
         super();
     }
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ public ParserConfigurationException() {
      * @param msg The error message for the exception.
      */
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     public ParserConfigurationException(@Nullable String msg) {
         super(msg);
     }
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/stream/FactoryConfigurationError.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/stream/FactoryConfigurationError.java
index ea146cccdfbe..cd5fcdc0645b 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/stream/FactoryConfigurationError.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/stream/FactoryConfigurationError.java
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 package javax.xml.stream;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 /**
  * An error class for reporting factory configuration errors.
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ public class FactoryConfigurationError extends Error {
   /**
    * Default constructor
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public FactoryConfigurationError(){}
 
   /**
@@ -53,6 +56,7 @@ public FactoryConfigurationError(){}
    *
    * @param e the exception to nest
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public FactoryConfigurationError(java.lang.@Nullable Exception e){
     nested = e;
   }
@@ -64,6 +68,7 @@ public FactoryConfigurationError(java.lang.@Nullable Exception e){
    * @param e the exception to nest
    * @param msg the message to report
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public FactoryConfigurationError(java.lang.@Nullable Exception e, java.lang.@Nullable String msg){
     super(msg);
     nested = e;
@@ -76,6 +81,7 @@ public FactoryConfigurationError(java.lang.@Nullable Exception e, java.lang.@Nul
    * @param msg the message to report
    * @param e the exception to nest
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public FactoryConfigurationError(java.lang.@Nullable String msg, java.lang.@Nullable Exception e){
     super(msg);
     nested = e;
@@ -86,6 +92,7 @@ public FactoryConfigurationError(java.lang.@Nullable String msg, java.lang.@Null
    *
    * @param msg the message to report
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public FactoryConfigurationError(java.lang.@Nullable String msg) {
     super(msg);
   }
@@ -101,6 +108,7 @@ public FactoryConfigurationError(java.lang.@Nullable String msg) {
     /**
      * use the exception chaining mechanism of JDK1.4
     */
+    @Pure
     @Override
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return nested;
@@ -111,6 +119,7 @@ public FactoryConfigurationError(java.lang.@Nullable String msg) {
    *
    * @return the string value of the message
    */
+  @SideEffectFree
   public @Nullable String getMessage() {
     String msg = super.getMessage();
     if(msg != null)
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/transform/TransformerException.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/transform/TransformerException.java
index e9adc38a177e..59309959fb85 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/transform/TransformerException.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/transform/TransformerException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 package javax.xml.transform;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
@@ -92,6 +94,7 @@ public void setLocator(@Nullable SourceLocator location) {
      * caused this throwable to get thrown.)
      * @return the cause, or null if unknown
      */
+    @Pure
     @Override
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
 
@@ -152,6 +155,7 @@ public synchronized Throwable initCause(Throwable cause) {
      *
      * @param message The error or warning message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public TransformerException(@Nullable String message) {
         this(message, null, null);
     }
@@ -161,6 +165,7 @@ public TransformerException(@Nullable String message) {
      *
      * @param e The exception to be wrapped.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public TransformerException(@Nullable Throwable e) {
         this(null, null, e);
     }
@@ -175,6 +180,7 @@ public TransformerException(@Nullable Throwable e) {
      *                use the message from the embedded exception.
      * @param e Any exception
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public TransformerException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable e) {
         this(message, null, e);
     }
@@ -189,6 +195,7 @@ public TransformerException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable e) {
      * @param message The error or warning message.
      * @param locator The locator object for the error or warning.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public TransformerException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable SourceLocator locator) {
         this(message, locator, null);
     }
@@ -201,6 +208,7 @@ public TransformerException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable SourceLocator lo
      * @param locator The locator object for the error or warning.
      * @param e Any exception
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public TransformerException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable SourceLocator locator,
                                 @Nullable Throwable e) {
         super(((message == null) || (message.length() == 0))
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/transform/TransformerFactoryConfigurationError.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/transform/TransformerFactoryConfigurationError.java
index a8b0148544bd..e59461d4579c 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/transform/TransformerFactoryConfigurationError.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/transform/TransformerFactoryConfigurationError.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 package javax.xml.transform;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 /**
  * Thrown when a problem with configuration with the Transformer Factories
@@ -48,6 +50,7 @@ public class TransformerFactoryConfigurationError extends Error {
      * Create a new <code>TransformerFactoryConfigurationError</code> with no
      * detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public TransformerFactoryConfigurationError() {
 
         super();
@@ -61,6 +64,7 @@ public TransformerFactoryConfigurationError() {
      *
      * @param msg The error message for the exception.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public TransformerFactoryConfigurationError(@Nullable String msg) {
 
         super(msg);
@@ -75,6 +79,7 @@ public TransformerFactoryConfigurationError(@Nullable String msg) {
      * @param e The exception to be encapsulated in a
      * TransformerFactoryConfigurationError.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public TransformerFactoryConfigurationError(Exception e) {
 
         super(e.toString());
@@ -90,6 +95,7 @@ public TransformerFactoryConfigurationError(Exception e) {
      * TransformerFactoryConfigurationError
      * @param msg The detail message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public TransformerFactoryConfigurationError(@Nullable Exception e, @Nullable String msg) {
 
         super(msg);
@@ -104,6 +110,7 @@ public TransformerFactoryConfigurationError(@Nullable Exception e, @Nullable Str
      *
      * @return The error message.
      */
+    @Pure
     public String getMessage() {
 
         String message = super.getMessage();
@@ -127,6 +134,7 @@ public Exception getException() {
     /**
      * use the exception chaining mechanism of JDK1.4
     */
+    @Pure
     @Override
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return exception;
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/xpath/XPathException.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/xpath/XPathException.java
index cb9d1f526865..35697f49733b 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/xpath/XPathException.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/javax/xml/xpath/XPathException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 package javax.xml.xpath;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@ public class XPathException extends Exception {
      * @throws NullPointerException When {@code message} is
      *   {@code null}.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public XPathException(String message) {
         super(message);
         if ( message == null ) {
@@ -86,6 +89,7 @@ public XPathException(String message) {
      *
      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code cause} is {@code null}.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public XPathException(Throwable cause) {
         super(cause);
         if ( cause == null ) {
@@ -98,6 +102,7 @@ public XPathException(Throwable cause) {
      *
      * @return Cause of this XPathException.
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return super.getCause();
     }
diff --git a/src/java.xml/share/classes/org/xml/sax/SAXException.java b/src/java.xml/share/classes/org/xml/sax/SAXException.java
index 8e9807b435e1..5365fff88fb5 100644
--- a/src/java.xml/share/classes/org/xml/sax/SAXException.java
+++ b/src/java.xml/share/classes/org/xml/sax/SAXException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 package org.xml.sax;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InvalidClassException;
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@ public class SAXException extends Exception {
     /**
      * Create a new SAXException.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SAXException ()
     {
         super();
@@ -72,6 +75,7 @@ public SAXException ()
      *
      * @param message The error or warning message.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SAXException (@Nullable String message) {
         super(message);
     }
@@ -86,6 +90,7 @@ public SAXException (@Nullable String message) {
      *
      * @param e The exception to be wrapped in a SAXException.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SAXException (@Nullable Exception e)
     {
         super(e);
@@ -101,6 +106,7 @@ public SAXException (@Nullable Exception e)
      * @param message The detail message.
      * @param e The exception to be wrapped in a SAXException.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public SAXException (@Nullable String message, @Nullable Exception e)
     {
         super(message, e);
@@ -116,6 +122,7 @@ public SAXException (@Nullable String message, @Nullable Exception e)
      *
      * @return The error or warning message.
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable String getMessage ()
     {
         String message = super.getMessage();
@@ -143,6 +150,7 @@ public Exception getException ()
      *
      * @return Return the cause of the exception
      */
+    @Pure
     public @Nullable Throwable getCause() {
         return super.getCause();
     }
@@ -152,6 +160,7 @@ public Exception getException ()
      *
      * @return A string representation of this exception.
      */
+    @SideEffectFree
     public String toString ()
     {
         Throwable exception = super.getCause();
diff --git a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/Symbol.java b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/Symbol.java
index 2621ce2c6599..573f06ae9bde 100644
--- a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/Symbol.java
+++ b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/Symbol.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import org.checkerframework.checker.signature.qual.BinaryName;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.signature.qual.CanonicalName;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.signature.qual.Identifier;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
@@ -2587,6 +2588,7 @@ public static class CompletionFailure extends RuntimeException {
 
         private transient Supplier<JCDiagnostic> diagSupplier;
 
+        @SideEffectFree
         public CompletionFailure(Symbol sym, Supplier<JCDiagnostic> diagSupplier, DeferredCompletionFailureHandler dcfh) {
             this.dcfh = dcfh;
             this.sym = sym;
@@ -2601,6 +2603,7 @@ public JCDiagnostic getDiagnostic() {
             return diag;
         }
 
+        @SideEffectFree
         @Override
         public String getMessage() {
             return getDiagnostic().getMessage(null);
diff --git a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/Type.java b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/Type.java
index 92364bd24a4a..3f43b596f2a8 100644
--- a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/Type.java
+++ b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/Type.java
@@ -555,6 +555,7 @@ public String stringValue() {
      * Override this method with care. For most Type instances this should behave as ==.
      */
     @Override @DefinedBy(Api.LANGUAGE_MODEL)
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(@Nullable Object t) {
         return this == t;
     }
@@ -1402,6 +1403,7 @@ public String toString() {
         }
 
         @Override @DefinedBy(Api.LANGUAGE_MODEL)
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             return (obj instanceof ArrayType arrayType)
                     && (this == arrayType || elemtype.equals(arrayType.elemtype));
diff --git a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/TypeAnnotationPosition.java b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/TypeAnnotationPosition.java
index dd8700b6ead9..ba02a49620bd 100644
--- a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/TypeAnnotationPosition.java
+++ b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/TypeAnnotationPosition.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.interning.qual.InternedDistinct;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
 
 import java.util.Iterator;
 
@@ -105,6 +106,7 @@ public String toString() {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
             return (other instanceof TypePathEntry entry)
                     && this.tag == entry.tag
diff --git a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/Types.java b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/Types.java
index 0c38d1394517..4797f1c5ea5f 100644
--- a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/Types.java
+++ b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/code/Types.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
 import java.util.HashSet;
@@ -642,6 +643,7 @@ public static class FunctionDescriptorLookupError extends RuntimeException {
 
         transient JCDiagnostic diagnostic;
 
+        @SideEffectFree
         FunctionDescriptorLookupError() {
             this.diagnostic = null;
         }
@@ -3160,6 +3162,7 @@ class Entry {
             }
 
             @Override
+            @Pure
             public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
                 return (obj instanceof Entry entry)
                         && entry.msym == msym
@@ -3846,6 +3849,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
                 return 127 * Types.this.hashCode(t1) + Types.this.hashCode(t2);
             }
             @Override
+            @Pure
             public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
                 return (obj instanceof TypePair typePair)
                         && isSameType(t1, typePair.t1)
@@ -4871,6 +4875,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
             return types.hashCode(type);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             return (obj instanceof UniqueType uniqueType) &&
                     types.isSameType(type, uniqueType.type);
@@ -5048,6 +5053,7 @@ public static class InvalidSignatureException extends RuntimeException {
 
             private final transient Type type;
 
+            @SideEffectFree
             InvalidSignatureException(Type type) {
                 this.type = type;
             }
diff --git a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/comp/Resolve.java b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/comp/Resolve.java
index 5d8a931a875f..6b34c3a325c6 100644
--- a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/comp/Resolve.java
+++ b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/comp/Resolve.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package com.sun.tools.javac.comp;
 
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import com.sun.tools.javac.api.Formattable.LocalizedString;
 import com.sun.tools.javac.code.*;
@@ -842,6 +843,7 @@ protected void reportMC(DiagnosticPosition pos, MethodCheckDiag diag, InferenceC
         class SharedInapplicableMethodException extends InapplicableMethodException {
             private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
 
+            @SideEffectFree
             SharedInapplicableMethodException() {
                 super(null);
             }
@@ -1398,6 +1400,7 @@ public static class InapplicableMethodException extends RuntimeException {
 
         transient JCDiagnostic diagnostic;
 
+        @SideEffectFree
         InapplicableMethodException(JCDiagnostic diag) {
             this.diagnostic = diag;
         }
diff --git a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/file/JavacFileManager.java b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/file/JavacFileManager.java
index 5dacdb0e8b93..2527d5e95084 100644
--- a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/file/JavacFileManager.java
+++ b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/file/JavacFileManager.java
@@ -121,12 +121,14 @@ public static char[] toArray(CharBuffer buffer) {
     protected enum SortFiles implements Comparator<Path> {
         FORWARD {
             @Override
+            @Pure
             public int compare(Path f1, Path f2) {
                 return f1.getFileName().compareTo(f2.getFileName());
             }
         },
         REVERSE {
             @Override
+            @Pure
             public int compare(Path f1, Path f2) {
                 return f2.getFileName().compareTo(f1.getFileName());
             }
@@ -1099,11 +1101,13 @@ private static class PathAndContainer implements Comparable<PathAndContainer> {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public int compareTo(PathAndContainer other) {
             return index - other.index;
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             return (o instanceof PathAndContainer pathAndContainer)
                     && path.equals(pathAndContainer.path)
diff --git a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/file/PathFileObject.java b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/file/PathFileObject.java
index 2bd827f572f3..4936f60c0d0b 100644
--- a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/file/PathFileObject.java
+++ b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/file/PathFileObject.java
@@ -589,6 +589,7 @@ public static String getSimpleName(FileObject fo) {
      *  implementations of FileObject.toURI(). */
     public static class CannotCreateUriError extends Error {
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 9101708840997613546L;
+        @SideEffectFree
         public CannotCreateUriError(@Nullable String value, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
             super(value, cause);
         }
diff --git a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/file/RelativePath.java b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/file/RelativePath.java
index c19218e9062a..aea280e7a92f 100644
--- a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/file/RelativePath.java
+++ b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/file/RelativePath.java
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ public Path resolveAgainst(FileSystem fs) throws /*unchecked*/ InvalidPathExcept
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(RelativePath other) {
         return path.compareTo(other.path);
     }
diff --git a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/util/List.java b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/util/List.java
index ab5ccc66d071..74482920ae2b 100644
--- a/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/util/List.java
+++ b/src/jdk.compiler/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/util/List.java
@@ -360,6 +360,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
      *  @see java.util.List#equals
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
         if (other instanceof List<?> javacList)
             return equals(this, javacList);
diff --git a/src/jdk.crypto.cryptoki/share/classes/sun/security/pkcs11/P11Key.java b/src/jdk.crypto.cryptoki/share/classes/sun/security/pkcs11/P11Key.java
index a857aea16d04..9156396bce89 100644
--- a/src/jdk.crypto.cryptoki/share/classes/sun/security/pkcs11/P11Key.java
+++ b/src/jdk.crypto.cryptoki/share/classes/sun/security/pkcs11/P11Key.java
@@ -1075,6 +1075,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
             }
             return Objects.hash(x, params.getP(), params.getG());
         }
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (this == obj) return true;
             // equals() should never throw exceptions
@@ -1160,6 +1161,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
             fetchValues();
             return Objects.hash(y, params.getP(), params.getG());
         }
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (this == obj) return true;
             // equals() should never throw exceptions
diff --git a/src/jdk.dynalink/share/classes/jdk/dynalink/NamespaceOperation.java b/src/jdk.dynalink/share/classes/jdk/dynalink/NamespaceOperation.java
index 3333fc7411d4..12a1aee97c7e 100644
--- a/src/jdk.dynalink/share/classes/jdk/dynalink/NamespaceOperation.java
+++ b/src/jdk.dynalink/share/classes/jdk/dynalink/NamespaceOperation.java
@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ public boolean contains(final Namespace namespace) {
      * @return true if this object is equal to the other one, false otherwise.
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(final @Nullable Object obj) {
         if (obj instanceof NamespaceOperation) {
             final NamespaceOperation other = (NamespaceOperation)obj;
diff --git a/src/jdk.hotspot.agent/share/classes/sun/jvm/hotspot/debugger/LongHashMap.java b/src/jdk.hotspot.agent/share/classes/sun/jvm/hotspot/debugger/LongHashMap.java
index 310a74111ccc..24b03dbd74e7 100644
--- a/src/jdk.hotspot.agent/share/classes/sun/jvm/hotspot/debugger/LongHashMap.java
+++ b/src/jdk.hotspot.agent/share/classes/sun/jvm/hotspot/debugger/LongHashMap.java
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ Object setValue(Object value) {
          * @return <tt>true</tt> if the specified object is equal to this map
          *         entry.
          */
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             if (!(o instanceof Entry))
                 return false;
diff --git a/src/jdk.httpserver/share/classes/com/sun/net/httpserver/Headers.java b/src/jdk.httpserver/share/classes/com/sun/net/httpserver/Headers.java
index ec06e6879da2..591950c2d489 100644
--- a/src/jdk.httpserver/share/classes/com/sun/net/httpserver/Headers.java
+++ b/src/jdk.httpserver/share/classes/com/sun/net/httpserver/Headers.java
@@ -276,6 +276,7 @@ public void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super String, ? super List<String>, ? extend
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) { return map.equals(o); }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/src/jdk.httpserver/share/classes/sun/net/httpserver/UnmodifiableHeaders.java b/src/jdk.httpserver/share/classes/sun/net/httpserver/UnmodifiableHeaders.java
index 462ee0d881cb..e9196866284c 100644
--- a/src/jdk.httpserver/share/classes/sun/net/httpserver/UnmodifiableHeaders.java
+++ b/src/jdk.httpserver/share/classes/sun/net/httpserver/UnmodifiableHeaders.java
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ public void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super String, ? super List<String>, ? extend
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException ("unsupported operation");
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {return headers.equals(o);}
 
     public int hashCode() {return headers.hashCode();}
diff --git a/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/code/Register.java b/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/code/Register.java
index 7ce2e8e0173a..c5482f0ccbe8 100644
--- a/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/code/Register.java
+++ b/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/code/Register.java
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj instanceof RegisterCategory) {
                 RegisterCategory that = (RegisterCategory) obj;
@@ -169,6 +170,7 @@ public String toString() {
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Register o) {
         if (number < o.number) {
             return -1;
diff --git a/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/code/site/Infopoint.java b/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/code/site/Infopoint.java
index f7e7ce2c8be8..669fbe119350 100644
--- a/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/code/site/Infopoint.java
+++ b/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/code/site/Infopoint.java
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ public String toString() {
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Infopoint o) {
         if (pcOffset < o.pcOffset) {
             return -1;
diff --git a/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/meta/AbstractProfiledItem.java b/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/meta/AbstractProfiledItem.java
index e56c4842239a..b1978f1d1b79 100644
--- a/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/meta/AbstractProfiledItem.java
+++ b/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/meta/AbstractProfiledItem.java
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ public double getProbability() {
      * {@code o}'s probability, 0 if there are equal otherwise 1.
      */
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(AbstractProfiledItem<?> o) {
         // Need to swap the order of operands so that higher probabilities are sorted first
         return Double.compare(o.getProbability(), getProbability());
diff --git a/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/meta/Assumptions.java b/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/meta/Assumptions.java
index a6503eee0439..51133c9c9fab 100644
--- a/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/meta/Assumptions.java
+++ b/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/meta/Assumptions.java
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj instanceof NoFinalizableSubclass) {
                 NoFinalizableSubclass other = (NoFinalizableSubclass) obj;
@@ -172,6 +173,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj instanceof ConcreteSubtype) {
                 ConcreteSubtype other = (ConcreteSubtype) obj;
@@ -210,6 +212,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj instanceof LeafType) {
                 LeafType other = (LeafType) obj;
@@ -262,6 +265,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj instanceof ConcreteMethod) {
                 ConcreteMethod other = (ConcreteMethod) obj;
@@ -299,6 +303,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj instanceof CallSiteTargetValue) {
                 CallSiteTargetValue other = (CallSiteTargetValue) obj;
diff --git a/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/meta/Value.java b/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/meta/Value.java
index ff831770ba71..47f01151f814 100644
--- a/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/meta/Value.java
+++ b/src/jdk.internal.vm.ci/share/classes/jdk/vm/ci/meta/Value.java
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ public String toString() {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
             // Due to de-serialization this object may exist multiple times. So we compare classes
             // instead of the individual objects.
diff --git a/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/formats/html/HtmlDocletWriter.java b/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/formats/html/HtmlDocletWriter.java
index 37ba51d8e9a5..090adfe44e4d 100644
--- a/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/formats/html/HtmlDocletWriter.java
+++ b/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/formats/html/HtmlDocletWriter.java
@@ -1475,6 +1475,7 @@ protected Boolean defaultAction(DocTree node, Content content) {
         return result;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     private boolean equalsIgnoreCase(Name name, String s) {
         return name != null && name.toString().equalsIgnoreCase(s);
     }
diff --git a/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/Extern.java b/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/Extern.java
index 7cf463e4c418..2f25afa01ccf 100644
--- a/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/Extern.java
+++ b/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/Extern.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.Pure;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -402,6 +403,7 @@ private boolean link(String url, String elemlisturl, Reporter reporter, boolean
     private static class Fault extends Exception {
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
 
+        @SideEffectFree
         Fault(String msg, @Nullable Exception cause) {
             super(msg + (cause == null ? "" : " (" + cause + ")"), cause);
         }
diff --git a/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/UncheckedDocletException.java b/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/UncheckedDocletException.java
index 92ddf1908ca9..c6d31c82de94 100644
--- a/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/UncheckedDocletException.java
+++ b/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/UncheckedDocletException.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 package jdk.javadoc.internal.doclets.toolkit.util;
 
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+import org.checkerframework.dataflow.qual.SideEffectFree;
 
 import jdk.javadoc.internal.doclets.toolkit.DocletException;
 
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@
 public class UncheckedDocletException extends Error {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = -9131058909576418984L;
 
+    @SideEffectFree
     public UncheckedDocletException(DocletException de) {
         super(de);
     }
diff --git a/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/Utils.java b/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/Utils.java
index f6c40fa033f6..39229e618ec2 100644
--- a/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/Utils.java
+++ b/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/Utils.java
@@ -1457,6 +1457,7 @@ CollationKey getKey(String s) {
             return keys.computeIfAbsent(s, instance :: getCollationKey);
         }
 
+        @Pure
         public int compare(String s1, String s2) {
             return getKey(s1).compareTo(getKey(s2));
         }
diff --git a/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/VisibleMemberTable.java b/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/VisibleMemberTable.java
index 715f34c66e9d..da04bdc315ca 100644
--- a/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/VisibleMemberTable.java
+++ b/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/doclets/toolkit/util/VisibleMemberTable.java
@@ -1140,6 +1140,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
         if (!(obj instanceof VisibleMemberTable other))
             return false;
diff --git a/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/tool/ElementsTable.java b/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/tool/ElementsTable.java
index ba81e67a8633..75da22d8fa06 100644
--- a/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/tool/ElementsTable.java
+++ b/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/tool/ElementsTable.java
@@ -1161,6 +1161,7 @@ boolean hasModule() {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             if (obj instanceof ModulePackage that) {
                 return this.toString().equals(that.toString());
diff --git a/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/tool/Start.java b/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/tool/Start.java
index df9ef1f63834..e5cc84f44919 100644
--- a/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/tool/Start.java
+++ b/src/jdk.javadoc/share/classes/jdk/javadoc/internal/tool/Start.java
@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@ private void showToolOptions(ToolOption.Kind kind) {
             { collator.setStrength(Collator.PRIMARY); }
 
             @Override
+            @Pure
             public int compare(ToolOption o1, ToolOption o2) {
                 return collator.compare(o1.primaryName, o2.primaryName);
             }
@@ -258,6 +259,7 @@ private void showDocletOptions(Option.Kind kind) {
             { collator.setStrength(Collator.PRIMARY); }
 
             @Override
+            @Pure
             public int compare(Doclet.Option o1, Doclet.Option o2) {
                 return collator.compare(o1.getNames().get(0), o2.getNames().get(0));
             }
diff --git a/src/jdk.jdeps/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdeps/Analyzer.java b/src/jdk.jdeps/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdeps/Analyzer.java
index 4df4b97a2edd..817b6b74f645 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jdeps/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdeps/Analyzer.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jdeps/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdeps/Analyzer.java
@@ -357,6 +357,7 @@ Archive targetArchive() {
 
         @Override
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             if (o instanceof Dep) {
                 Dep d = (Dep) o;
diff --git a/src/jdk.jdeps/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdeps/Graph.java b/src/jdk.jdeps/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdeps/Graph.java
index 0521d2b1c793..32db68219f9c 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jdeps/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdeps/Graph.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jdeps/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdeps/Graph.java
@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@ public String toString() {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             if (this == o) return true;
             if (o == null || !(o instanceof Edge))
diff --git a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/ByteValueImpl.java b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/ByteValueImpl.java
index 96e04e16e071..1a6e38a9d396 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/ByteValueImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/ByteValueImpl.java
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         return intValue();
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(ByteValue obj) {
         byte other = obj.value();
         return value() - other;
diff --git a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/CharValueImpl.java b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/CharValueImpl.java
index 627c0a59ce0a..bde95a1667de 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/CharValueImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/CharValueImpl.java
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         return intValue();
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(CharValue obj) {
         char other = obj.value();
         return value() - other;
diff --git a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/DoubleValueImpl.java b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/DoubleValueImpl.java
index da0daae1aa0f..211ff75c393e 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/DoubleValueImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/DoubleValueImpl.java
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
         }
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(DoubleValue obj) {
         double other = obj.value();
         if (value() < other) {
diff --git a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/EventRequestManagerImpl.java b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/EventRequestManagerImpl.java
index 41c7a484d794..4d27fdb990d4 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/EventRequestManagerImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/EventRequestManagerImpl.java
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ private abstract class EventRequestImpl extends MirrorImpl implements EventReque
         /*
          * Override superclass back to default equality
          */
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
             return this == obj;
         }
diff --git a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/FieldImpl.java b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/FieldImpl.java
index aad8abff0c7c..32f40bc952fb 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/FieldImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/FieldImpl.java
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         return Long.hashCode(ref());
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Field field) {
         ReferenceTypeImpl declaringType = (ReferenceTypeImpl)declaringType();
         int rc = declaringType.compareTo(field.declaringType());
diff --git a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/FloatValueImpl.java b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/FloatValueImpl.java
index 516867cbbf34..d19c536da5bc 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/FloatValueImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/FloatValueImpl.java
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         return intValue();
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(FloatValue obj) {
         float other = obj.value();
         if (value() < other) {
diff --git a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/IntegerValueImpl.java b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/IntegerValueImpl.java
index 1d90da6222dd..48017d53205f 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/IntegerValueImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/IntegerValueImpl.java
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         return intValue();
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(IntegerValue obj) {
         int other = obj.value();
         return (value()<other ? -1 : (value()==other ? 0 : 1));
diff --git a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/LocalVariableImpl.java b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/LocalVariableImpl.java
index 41853f30920e..35d237f9eec2 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/LocalVariableImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/LocalVariableImpl.java
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         return ((scopeStart.hashCode() << 4) + slot());
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(LocalVariable object) {
         LocalVariableImpl other = (LocalVariableImpl)object;
 
diff --git a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/LocationImpl.java b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/LocationImpl.java
index 0e3a74d74b51..0d6e9c56e392 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/LocationImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/LocationImpl.java
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         return method().hashCode() + (int)codeIndex();
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Location other) {
         int rc = method().compareTo(other.method());
         if (rc == 0) {
diff --git a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/LongValueImpl.java b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/LongValueImpl.java
index 46d2946c018e..8484e308aef7 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/LongValueImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/LongValueImpl.java
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         return intValue();
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(LongValue obj) {
         long other = obj.value();
         if (value() < other) {
diff --git a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/MethodImpl.java b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/MethodImpl.java
index bd4ac237ff1a..c343cde431f0 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/MethodImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/MethodImpl.java
@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ public List<Type> argumentTypes() throws ClassNotLoadedException {
         return types;
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Method method) {
         ReferenceTypeImpl declaringType = (ReferenceTypeImpl)declaringType();
         int rc = declaringType.compareTo(method.declaringType());
diff --git a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/ReferenceTypeImpl.java b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/ReferenceTypeImpl.java
index 2d445b803cc4..e566cb0d1857 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/ReferenceTypeImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/ReferenceTypeImpl.java
@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         return Long.hashCode(ref());
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(ReferenceType object) {
         /*
          * Note that it is critical that compareTo() == 0
diff --git a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/ShortValueImpl.java b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/ShortValueImpl.java
index 5cafa7980acf..b41b2db4f34a 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/ShortValueImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jdi/share/classes/com/sun/tools/jdi/ShortValueImpl.java
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
         return intValue();
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(ShortValue obj) {
         short other = obj.value();
         return value() - other;
diff --git a/src/jdk.jfr/share/classes/jdk/jfr/internal/Type.java b/src/jdk.jfr/share/classes/jdk/jfr/internal/Type.java
index de90da72ddff..4f86455271bb 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jfr/share/classes/jdk/jfr/internal/Type.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jfr/share/classes/jdk/jfr/internal/Type.java
@@ -290,6 +290,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object object) {
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Type that) {
         return Long.compare(this.id, that.id);
     }
diff --git a/src/jdk.jlink/share/classes/jdk/tools/jlink/internal/ResourcePoolManager.java b/src/jdk.jlink/share/classes/jdk/tools/jlink/internal/ResourcePoolManager.java
index c55058eb77c0..80b9c9e8b61f 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jlink/share/classes/jdk/tools/jlink/internal/ResourcePoolManager.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jlink/share/classes/jdk/tools/jlink/internal/ResourcePoolManager.java
@@ -437,6 +437,7 @@ public long getUncompressedSize() {
         }
 
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
             if (!(other instanceof CompressedModuleData)) {
                 return false;
diff --git a/src/jdk.jshell/share/classes/jdk/internal/jshell/tool/Startup.java b/src/jdk.jshell/share/classes/jdk/internal/jshell/tool/Startup.java
index cbf7e90ccbe5..263d8fbd2abc 100644
--- a/src/jdk.jshell/share/classes/jdk/internal/jshell/tool/Startup.java
+++ b/src/jdk.jshell/share/classes/jdk/internal/jshell/tool/Startup.java
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ public int hashCode() {
 
         // built-ins match on name only.  Time stamp isn't considered
         @Override
+        @Pure
         public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
             if (!(o instanceof StartupEntry)) {
                 return false;
diff --git a/src/jdk.naming.dns/share/classes/com/sun/jndi/dns/DnsName.java b/src/jdk.naming.dns/share/classes/com/sun/jndi/dns/DnsName.java
index 6b18bd6104ab..a1c9418fbecb 100644
--- a/src/jdk.naming.dns/share/classes/com/sun/jndi/dns/DnsName.java
+++ b/src/jdk.naming.dns/share/classes/com/sun/jndi/dns/DnsName.java
@@ -222,6 +222,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
                 (compareTo(obj) == 0));
     }
 
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Object obj) {
         Name n = (Name) obj;
         return compareRange(0, size(), n);      // never 0 if sizes differ
diff --git a/src/jdk.zipfs/share/classes/jdk/nio/zipfs/ZipPath.java b/src/jdk.zipfs/share/classes/jdk/nio/zipfs/ZipPath.java
index c37a66cfb63f..6524beadbc3d 100644
--- a/src/jdk.zipfs/share/classes/jdk/nio/zipfs/ZipPath.java
+++ b/src/jdk.zipfs/share/classes/jdk/nio/zipfs/ZipPath.java
@@ -642,6 +642,7 @@ public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Pure
     public int compareTo(Path other) {
         final ZipPath o = checkPath(other);
         int len1 = this.path.length;