java: get nightly test matrix from shared-workflows

[jameslamb]

Nightly Java tests are failing like this:

Error response from daemon: failed to resolve reference "docker.io/rapidsai/ci-conda:26.10-cuda12.9.1-ubuntu24.04-py3.13": docker.io/rapidsai/ci-conda:26.10-cuda12.9.1-ubuntu24.04-py3.13: not found

(build link)

CI jobs here were updated from hard-coded lists of CUDA versions to a shared matrix from shared-workflows in #2034, to avoid exactly this situation... but test.yaml was missed in that PR.

This updates test.yaml to match the way the Java tests run in PRs.

Notes for Reviewers

How I tested this

Manually triggered a run from this branch.

gh workflow run \
  --repo NVIDIA/cuvs \
  --ref 'fix/build-matrix' \
  -f branch=main \
  -f build_type=nightly \
  -f date=2026-07-21 \
  -f sha=c38d9a77d4840d344369d472e9cafc87882d2a30 \
  test.yaml

That generated this run: https://github.com/NVIDIA/cuvs/actions/runs/29853648565

Which had 2 Java test jobs (1 for CUDA 12, 1 for CUDA 13)

Which failed, but with real test errors (so got past the pulling-a-nonexistent-image issue).

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 86.70%. Comparing base (c38d9a7) to head (dba1ca6).
⚠️ Report is 4 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #2340   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   86.70%   86.70%           
=======================================
  Files          33       33           
  Lines         173      173           
=======================================
  Hits          150      150           
  Misses         23       23           

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[jameslamb]

/merge