[high] Re-apply #98: exit non-zero and keep converting when a rule fails with --output-dir (reverted with #105) - #110

Node.js 20 is deprecated. The following actions target Node.js 20 but are being forced to run on Node.js 24: actions/checkout@v4. For more information see: https://github.blog/changelog/2025-09-19-deprecation-of-node-20-on-github-actions-runners/