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fix: limit storage charging by energy drawn (#376) - #382
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
WalkthroughStorage charge-rate and throughput constraints now limit charging input energy before efficiency is applied. A new test scenario checks the limits and storage losses. Expected values for existing model runs are updated. ChangesStorage charging constraints
Priority: ⬇️ Low Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes Change: Bug fix Suggested reviewers: Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to Storage charging limits now apply to input energy drawn, and expected test values were updated to match. No concrete merge-blocking risk was found. A test could be added to cover the throughput limit independently. 🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5✅ Passed checks (5 passed)✨ Finishing Touches🧪 Generate unit tests (beta)
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Review comments at @tests/test_storage.py:
- Around line 203-206: Add a targeted throughput test case near the existing
assertions in the storage test that uses a 0.25 limit with both draw and
discharge positive (0.20 and 0.08), so it fails under the new throughput formula
but passes under the old efficiency-adjusted formula. Keep the existing
single-flow assertions intact.
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temoa/components/storage.pytests/conftest.pytests/legacy_test_values.pytests/test_full_runs.pytests/test_storage.pytests/testing_configs/config_storage_charge_rate.tomltests/testing_data/storage_charge_rate.sql
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| assert drawn <= limit + 1e-6, f'draw {drawn} exceeds the limit {limit} in {s, d}' | ||
| assert drawn + delivered <= limit + 1e-6, ( | ||
| f'draw plus discharge {drawn + delivered} exceeds the limit {limit} in {s, d}' | ||
| ) |
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📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win
Test the throughput change independently.
The asserted limit does not distinguish the two throughput formulas when a slice only charges or only discharges. In d1, the separate charge-rate limit already caps the asserted 0.25 draw. Reverting only the throughput charge term to efficiency-adjusted flow could leave this scenario green. Add a targeted case with both flows positive. For a 0.25 limit, a 0.20 draw and 0.08 discharge would violate the new throughput limit but satisfy the old one.
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only still-valid issues, skip the rest with a brief reason, keep changes
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Review comment at @tests/test_storage.py around lines 203 - 206:
Add a targeted throughput test case near the existing assertions in the storage
test that uses a 0.25 limit with both draw and discharge positive (0.20 and
0.08), so it fails under the new throughput formula but passes under the old
efficiency-adjusted formula. Keep the existing single-flow assertions intact.
After applying the fix, consider running `coderabbit review --agent` for local
review. Visit https://docs.coderabbit.ai/cli?utm_source=ghpr
Closes #376.
What changes
storage_charge_rate_constraintandstorage_throughput_constraintnow count charging as theenergy drawn from the input commodity, Σ FIS, instead of the energy that enters storage after the
efficiency, Σ FIS·EFF:
storage_charge_rate_constraintstorage_throughput_constraint"Available output" is
get_available_output(CAP·C2A·CF·SEG, or the unit-commitment version),unchanged. The energy balance is unchanged:
storage_energy_constraintandseasonal_storage_energy_constraintstill take the whole loss on charging (Σ FIS·EFF entersstorage). The two docstrings, which
mathematical_formulation.rstrenders throughautofunction, now show the new formulas and say which side of the losses the limit applies to.Where
efficiency_variableis set, the time-varying efficiency no longer enters these two limitseither; it still applies in the energy balance.
Why
As discussed in #376: discharge was limited at the output, but charging was limited after the
losses, so a storage process with capacity 1 and efficiency 0.8 could draw 1.25 per unit of rated
limit in a time slice. Each unit of storage capacity bought 1/EFF units of charging. The comments
on the issue agreed on option 2, limiting what is drawn, and leaving the energy balance alone.
Other places that involve storage charging
storage_energy_constraint,seasonal_storage_energy_constraintstorage_discharge_rate_constraintget_available_output, the right-hand side of both constraintsoutput_flow_inreports Σ FIS; losses are (1 − EFF)·FISTests
tests/test_storage.py::test_storage_charge_limited_at_draw, on a new small database(
tests/testing_data/storage_charge_rate.sql, the example from [Question]: A storage process can draw more than its capacity while charging, because the charge limit applies after the efficiency #376): one battery withcapacity 1, efficiency 0.8 and C2A 1, four slices of a quarter year, free solar in
d1only.It checks that in every slice the draw, and the draw plus discharge, stay within
CAP·C2A·SEG; that the battery draws 0.25 in
d1; and that total discharge is 0.8 × 0.25. Onunstableit fails with a draw of 0.3125 ind1(0.25 / 0.8).pytest: 290 passed (289 onunstablebefore the change, plus the new test).mypy --config-file=pyproject.toml .: no issues in 192 source files.ruff check .: passed.ruff format --check .reports the same three Markdown files as onunstable(.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md,README.md,temoa/data_io/README.md),none touched here. The repository's pre-commit hooks pass on the changed files.
uv sync --locked --all-extras --dev).Not run on Python 3.12 or 3.13 locally.
Changed expected values
All three are Utopia runs. Utopia's storage process
E51has efficiency 0.72, and its charginglimit binds: before the change it could draw up to 1/0.72 = 1.39 times its rated limit in a slice;
now it draws at most the limit.
test_against_legacy_outputs[utopia], objective (legacy_test_values.py)test_myopic_utopia, sum ofd_investtest_stochastic_utopia, expected objectiveIn the perfect-foresight Utopia run,
E51's drawn energy falls by 19 to 25% by period(1990: 0.8235 to 0.6527; 2010: 1.2353 to 0.9265), and its new capacity in 2010 falls from
0.122 to 0.0184. Constraint and variable counts are unchanged.
Unchanged:
test_system(its battery, efficiency 0.85, is not built),storageville(efficiency 0.75; the battery's draw is at most a third of its limit, and the objective is
identical to six decimals), and
mediumville,seasonal_storageandmaterials(storageefficiency 1).
Compatibility
No schema or input change. Results change for any database with a storage process whose
efficiency is below 1 and whose charging or throughput limit binds. Following the discussion in
#376 there is no option to restore the old behaviour; a release note may be useful.
Not in this pull request
The docstring formulas for the charge-rate, discharge-rate and throughput constraints show
CAP·C2A·SEG on the right-hand side, while the code uses
get_available_output, which alsomultiplies by the capacity factor. That predates this change and is left as is.
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