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perf(decorators): backfill L1 on sync L2 hits; size stats by envelope length (LAB-348) - #294

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@27Bslash6 27Bslash6 commented Sep 16, 2026

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Summary

This PR brings the sync cache decorator to parity with the async path by adding L1 backfill on L2 hits and correcting cache size statistics (LAB-348, cachekit-py#164).

Changes

L1 backfill on sync L2 hits

Previously, only the async decorator backfilled the L1 (in-memory) cache after an L2 (backend) hit. The sync decorator did not, meaning every read of the same key re-paid the L2 round-trip. This PR:

  • Extends get_cached_value and get_cached_value_with_freshness to return a 3-tuple (True, value, raw_bytes) instead of a 2-tuple, carrying the raw serialized envelope so the sync decorator can backfill L1 without re-serializing (re-encrypting).
  • Adds the sync L2-hit → L1 backfill call, honoring the same LAB-557 invariants as the async path: stale-labelled hits are never recorded in L1, and a fresh hit's local lifetime is bounded by its remaining freshness (fresh_for).
  • Keeps raw_bytes as None on the mmap fast path, since the mapped view is frame-confined and must never reach L1.

Corrected size statistics

  • Replaces len(str(value)) accounting with the actual serialized envelope length (len(cached_data)) for size_bytes stats. The old str(value) repr was neither the true payload size nor cheap to compute on every hit.

Best-effort backfill hardening

  • Wraps the L1 backfill put in a try/except so a refused put (e.g., an out-of-contract backend returning a non-bytes envelope) is logged and swallowed rather than surfacing to callers, which would otherwise demote a served hit into a recompute on every call.

Async metric label consistency

  • Aligns async L1/L2 hit metrics with the sync labels by adding serializer (l1_memory / rust), size_bytes, and hit=True fields.

Tests

  • New test_l2_hit_l1_backfill.py pins sync/async parity: L2 hits backfill L1 (no repeat L2 read), record envelope-length size stats, and survive a refused backfill.
  • New SWR test verifies the sync freshness read backfills L1 for fresh hits, skips stale hits, and no-ops when fresh_for=0.
  • Updates existing tests to the new 3-tuple return shape.

Summary

This PR improves L1 cache backfilling behavior and payload-size statistics accuracy on L2 cache hits (LAB-348).

Changes

Size stats now derive from envelope length on every hit path

The cache read methods (get_cached_value, get_cached_value_async, and both freshness variants) now return an additional size_bytes element in their hit tuples. Previously the tuple shape was (True, value, raw_bytes); it is now (True, value, raw_bytes, size_bytes).

The key motivation: on the mmap fast path, raw_bytes is deliberately None (the mapped view must never reach L1). Previously, size stats fell back to 0 in that case since there were no bytes to measure. Now the envelope's byte length is captured directly (via handle.view.nbytes on the mmap path, or len(cached_data) elsewhere), so payload-size metrics are accurate on every hit path — including mmap — without holding onto the bytes.

The decorators (sync_wrapper and async_wrapper) were updated to unpack the new size_bytes value and pass it directly to the stats recording, replacing the old len(cached_data) if cached_data else 0 computation.

Narrowed L1 backfill exception handling

In _l1_backfill_from_l2, the broad except Exception was narrowed to except TypeError. The only documented refusal from L1Cache.put is a TypeError on a non-bytes envelope from an out-of-contract backend, which is logged and skipped. Any other exception is now treated as a genuine L1 bug and allowed to propagate, rather than being silently swallowed.

Tests

Updated unit tests across multiple files to reflect the new 4-element hit tuple shape, including assertions that verify size_bytes is correctly populated on the mmap path (e.g., handle.view.nbytes = 4096) even when the envelope is None.

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Performance

    • Improved multi-level cache performance by reusing cached data when promoting fresh entries between cache layers.
    • Prevented stale entries from being promoted to the faster cache layer.
    • Limited promoted entry lifetimes to their remaining freshness period.
  • Observability

    • Cache-hit metrics now report serializer details, payload sizes, and hit status.
    • Memory-mapped reads now report payload sizes accurately.
  • Reliability

    • Failed cache-layer promotions are logged without forcing successful cache hits to recompute.

… length (LAB-348)

The sync wrapper served every L2 hit without re-warming L1, so after an L1
eviction or restart each sync call re-paid the L2 read + deserialize until
the next miss-store; the async wrapper has backfilled L1 on L2 hits all
along. The sync handler getters now return the raw envelope alongside the
value — the same (True, value, raw_bytes) shape as the async variants, None
on the mmap fast path whose view must never reach L1 — and the sync wrapper
feeds it through the shared _l1_backfill_from_l2 helper, so the
stale-exclusion and remaining-freshness bound apply to sync exactly as they
do to async.

The sync L2-hit stats sized the payload as len(str(value)): a repr, not the
payload, rendered on every hit. Both paths now record the envelope's byte
length, and the async hit records gain the serializer/hit labels the sync
path already emitted, so the get metric reads the same for both.

Refs #164
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📒 Files selected for processing (6)
  • src/cachekit/cache_handler.py
  • src/cachekit/decorators/wrapper.py
  • tests/unit/test_decrypt_fail_policy.py
  • tests/unit/test_l2_decrypt_observability.py
  • tests/unit/test_mmap_read_path.py
  • tests/unit/test_swr_decorator.py

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Walkthrough

Cache reads now return raw serialised envelopes and payload sizes with decoded values. L2 hits use this data for metrics and freshness-aware L1 backfill. Mmap reads return no envelope. Tests cover synchronous, asynchronous, stale, mmap, and refused-backfill paths.

Changes

Cache hit envelope and backfill

Layer / File(s) Summary
Cache read return contract
src/cachekit/cache_handler.py, tests/unit/test_decrypt_fail_policy.py, tests/unit/test_mmap_read_path.py, tests/unit/test_swr_decorator.py, tests/unit/test_l2_decrypt_observability.py
Cache hits and stale-while-revalidate hits return decoded values, raw envelopes, and byte sizes. Mmap hits return raw_bytes=None and report the mapped size.
Freshness-aware backfill and hit metrics
src/cachekit/decorators/wrapper.py
Synchronous and asynchronous hit paths unpack the expanded return tuples. Fresh L2 hits backfill L1 with a bounded freshness period. Stale entries do not backfill. Hit metrics include serializer, payload size, and hit status.
Backfill and contract validation
tests/unit/test_l2_hit_l1_backfill.py, tests/unit/test_swr_decorator.py
Tests verify L1 backfill, cache-hit metrics, stale-entry handling, zero-freshness handling, refused backfills, and the absence of recomputation.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes

Change: Bug fix

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 3f25f

No merge-blocking behavior issue was identified in the updated cache-hit paths.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 3 | ❌ 2

❌ Failed checks (2 warnings)

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Description check ⚠️ Warning The description explains the implementation, motivation, tests, and behavioural changes. However, it does not follow the required template and omits the Type of Change, Security Checklist, Documentati… Add all required template sections and complete the applicable checkboxes. Mark the change as a breaking change because public cache read return contracts changed. Document the migration path and public API documentation updates. Correct th…
Docstring Coverage ⚠️ Warning Docstring coverage is 44.74% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 38 functions across 7 files. Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
✅ Passed checks (3 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly identifies the main changes: L1 backfill for synchronous L2 hits and envelope-length size statistics. It is specific and relevant.
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Full details: Description check

Explanation

The description explains the implementation, motivation, tests, and behavioural changes. However, it does not follow the required template and omits the Type of Change, Security Checklist, Documentation Validation Checklist, Backward Compatibility, and Additional Notes sections. It also contains an inconsistency between the stated 3-tuple and the implemented 4-tuple return shape.

Resolution

Add all required template sections and complete the applicable checkboxes. Mark the change as a breaking change because public cache read return contracts changed. Document the migration path and public API documentation updates. Correct the description so all references use the implemented 4-tuple shape: (True, value, raw_bytes, size_bytes). Include the required test and benchmark status.

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✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
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Comment thread src/cachekit/decorators/wrapper.py Outdated

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Actionable comments posted: 1

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Inline comments:
In `@src/cachekit/cache_handler.py`:
- Line 1388: Update the mmap hit path in the cache retrieval method around
_MmapHandle.view to capture handle.view.nbytes before handle.close(), pass that
value as separate hit-size metadata so metrics preserve the mmap envelope size,
and keep raw_bytes=None to avoid L1 backfill. Add a regression test verifying
the mmap hit records the expected size metric.

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📒 Files selected for processing (6)
  • src/cachekit/cache_handler.py
  • src/cachekit/decorators/wrapper.py
  • tests/unit/test_decrypt_fail_policy.py
  • tests/unit/test_l2_hit_l1_backfill.py
  • tests/unit/test_mmap_read_path.py
  • tests/unit/test_swr_decorator.py

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Comment thread src/cachekit/cache_handler.py Outdated
…catch (LAB-348)

Review follow-ups on #294:

- CodeRabbit: an mmap fast-path hit returned no envelope, so size_bytes fell
  to 0 and the hit dropped out of cache_operation_size_bytes. The hit tuple
  now carries size_bytes as a fourth slot on every path — the handler owns
  the size (len(envelope), or view.nbytes read before the mmap handle closes)
  and the wrapper only records it. The mmap end-to-end test asserts it.
- Kody: the best-effort backfill catch was a broad `except Exception`.
  L1Cache.put documents exactly one refusal — TypeError on a non-bytes
  envelope — so the catch names it; anything else is an L1 bug and
  propagates to the existing cache_get error path.
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