Polish template initialization and reproducible verification

[fbientrigo]

Summary

Turn python-science-template from a personal starter into a low-maintenance public template with one deterministic initialization flow and one canonical verification gate.

What changed

• add scripts/init_project.py with generic, eda, ml, and api profiles;
• rename package/project metadata deterministically and record scaffold provenance;
• generate only a minimal proof-of-life harness for the selected project type;
• move dependency management and verification to uv;
• make make verify the canonical read-only Docker gate used by CI;
• keep Dev Container and CI on the same Dockerfile;
• simplify Sphinx docs so they follow the initialized package;
• rewrite onboarding around a 30-second template flow.

Commit structure

1. feat(template): add profile-aware project initializer
2. build: unify local and CI verification with uv
3. docs: make template onboarding and contracts explicit

Verification performed before push

• template unit tests: PASS after editable install with local build isolation disabled;
• Python compile/static parsing: PASS;
• fresh generated project smoke tests were exercised for all four profiles in the prepared worktree;
• remote branch blob SHAs were checked against the validated local worktree and match exactly.

The local execution environment did not provide Docker or network access to PyPI, so the full container gate could not be executed there. This PR intentionally relies on repository CI to provide that final Docker verification.

Scope

No SaaS, LLM integration, notebook framework, experiment tracker, database, or generalized project generator was added. Profiles are intentionally minimal and replaceable.