BE-845: atlas: world, epoch and schedules of the serving layer

[indietyp]

🌟 What is the purpose of this PR?

Add the floor of the multi-generation serving layer: the world, the epoch and the schedules. A request that reads a generation's artifacts and a live overlay through one object can observe a revision advance between two of its own reads. Here a World is the opened, immutable artifacts of one generation and an Epoch is the delta publication captured at admission, so a request pins the revision it started with and every read takes it.

Nothing in the crate calls into this yet: lib.rs admits the module with one #[expect(dead_code, unreachable_pub)] carrying its reason, and the attribute leaves when the read API consumes the layer (BE-815).

For review, the properties this stands on:

• A World is immutable after open, and every read of it takes an Epoch, so no path reads a world without saying which revision it sees.
• Each open draws a fresh DeltaId, so a reopened generation is distinguishable from the one before it.
• Bucket and scope schedules decide which rows a zoom level delivers and cut against the visibility mask, keeping every bucket run contiguous.
• A keyed permutation carries row ids across the wire.

🔍 What does this change?

• serve/world/: World, Layout, Topology, Geometry, NodeIndex, Ontology and the open options, which check the artifacts for a shared node domain.
• serve/delta/: Epoch, Delta, DeltaId, DeltaReference, and the provider traits for layout, topology and importance with their overlay and history.
• serve/schedule/: BucketSchedule, ViewSchedule, ScopeSchedule, DeliverySchedule and the cut against the mask.
• serve/density, serve/codec, serve/intern, serve/secret: the density readings and codec vocabulary, plus the intern table and the keyed permutation over row ids.
• serve/visibility: the visibility mask and its limits, as types. Resolution and caching are not part of this change.
• serve/tests: fixtures the layer's tests share.

❓ How to test this?

1. cargo nextest run -p hash-graph-atlas --all-features serve:: runs the world, delta and schedule tests.
2. Reading order: serve/mod.rs states the contract, then serve/world/mod.rs and serve/delta/epoch.rs.

Pre-Merge Checklist 🚀

🚢 Has this modified a publishable library?

This PR:

• does not modify any publishable blocks or libraries, or modifications do not need publishing

📜 Does this require a change to the docs?

The changes in this PR:

• are internal and do not require a docs change

🕸️ Does this require a change to the Turbo Graph?

The changes in this PR:

• do not affect the execution graph

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 79.39873% with 651 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 66.01%. Comparing base (04d8f8c) to head (5c87e85).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...ibs/@local/graph/atlas/src/serve/world/topology.rs	46.78%	87 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️
libs/@local/graph/atlas/src/serve/delta/mod.rs	59.49%	61 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️
libs/@local/graph/atlas/src/serve/delta/epoch.rs	32.55%	58 Missing ⚠️
...s/@local/graph/atlas/src/serve/world/node_index.rs	71.13%	48 Missing and 8 partials ⚠️
...ibs/@local/graph/atlas/src/serve/world/ontology.rs	50.92%	50 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️
libs/@local/graph/atlas/src/serve/world/error.rs	0.00%	48 Missing ⚠️
libs/@local/graph/atlas/src/serve/intern.rs	0.00%	39 Missing ⚠️
...ibs/@local/graph/atlas/src/serve/visibility/mod.rs	45.83%	39 Missing ⚠️
libs/@local/graph/atlas/src/serve/world/layout.rs	91.15%	23 Missing and 10 partials ⚠️
...l/graph/atlas/src/serve/delta/topology/provider.rs	82.28%	31 Missing ⚠️
... and 16 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@                                            Coverage Diff                                             @@
##           bm/be-844-atlas-typed-artifact-files-atomic-generation-publication-and    #9709      +/-   ##
==========================================================================================================
+ Coverage                                                                   65.69%   66.01%   +0.31%     
==========================================================================================================
  Files                                                                        1716     1748      +32     
  Lines                                                                      182825   185985    +3160     
  Branches                                                                     7577     7668      +91     
==========================================================================================================
+ Hits                                                                       120107   122776    +2669     
- Misses                                                                      61305    61753     +448     
- Partials                                                                     1413     1456      +43     

Flag	Coverage Δ
apps.hash-graph	13.62% <ø> (ø)
rust.hash-graph-atlas	80.86% <79.39%> (+0.26%)	⬆️

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[cursor]

PR Summary

Medium Risk
Large new internal serving stack with revision pinning, wire id encoding, and schedule/density behavior that will underpin read paths once integrated; currently unreferenced but correctness mistakes would affect data exposure and delivery cuts.

Overview
Introduces the serve crate module (currently dead_code until the read API lands in BE-815) as the foundation for reading a fitted generation plus a live delta at a pinned revision.

Epoch captures one immutable delta publication for the lifetime of a request; Delta accumulates node/edge/ontology updates, withdrawals, and layout/topology overlays on top of an opened World. Identity, layout, and topology changes use revision-dependent visibility with a small bounded history so older publications stay readable without copying full payloads.

RowCodec replaces dense internal row ids with generation-keyed wire ids (Feistel + HKDF) so clients do not see allocation gaps; decoding still requires visibility checks. DensityPolicy picks a Morton delivery-cut depth from a view’s occupancy profile to keep tile cell counts in a target band.

The PR also wires schedules, visibility types, intern, and secret helpers described in the serving contract; nothing outside the layer calls into this yet.

^{Reviewed by Cursor Bugbot for commit 604bdb7. Bugbot is set up for automated code reviews on this repo. Configure here.}

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[github-actions]

Benchmark results

@rust/hash-graph-benches – Integrations

policy_resolution_large

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: empty, selectivity: high, policies: 2002	$$28.5 \mathrm{ms} \pm 217 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}3.00 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: empty, selectivity: low, policies: 1	$$3.55 \mathrm{ms} \pm 21.1 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.64 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: empty, selectivity: medium, policies: 1002	$$13.8 \mathrm{ms} \pm 93.3 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{red}6.37 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: seeded, selectivity: high, policies: 3314	$$45.4 \mathrm{ms} \pm 420 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.721 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: seeded, selectivity: low, policies: 1	$$15.5 \mathrm{ms} \pm 182 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{red}5.18 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: seeded, selectivity: medium, policies: 1527	$$25.2 \mathrm{ms} \pm 194 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.236 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: system, selectivity: high, policies: 2078	$$29.3 \mathrm{ms} \pm 303 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.65 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: system, selectivity: low, policies: 1	$$3.87 \mathrm{ms} \pm 23.4 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.95 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: system, selectivity: medium, policies: 1033	$$15.0 \mathrm{ms} \pm 150 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.57 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

policy_resolution_medium

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: empty, selectivity: high, policies: 102	$$4.02 \mathrm{ms} \pm 29.0 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.20 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: empty, selectivity: low, policies: 1	$$3.12 \mathrm{ms} \pm 21.4 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.82 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: empty, selectivity: medium, policies: 52	$$3.53 \mathrm{ms} \pm 29.8 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.58 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: seeded, selectivity: high, policies: 269	$$5.47 \mathrm{ms} \pm 49.3 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.47 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: seeded, selectivity: low, policies: 1	$$3.70 \mathrm{ms} \pm 23.4 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.36 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: seeded, selectivity: medium, policies: 108	$$4.45 \mathrm{ms} \pm 36.0 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{red}5.24 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: system, selectivity: high, policies: 133	$$4.77 \mathrm{ms} \pm 44.5 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}4.41 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: system, selectivity: low, policies: 1	$$3.63 \mathrm{ms} \pm 28.4 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}4.54 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: system, selectivity: medium, policies: 63	$$4.44 \mathrm{ms} \pm 32.5 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{red}6.81 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

policy_resolution_none

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: empty, selectivity: high, policies: 2	$$2.81 \mathrm{ms} \pm 18.1 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.838 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: empty, selectivity: low, policies: 1	$$2.84 \mathrm{ms} \pm 21.5 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.73 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: empty, selectivity: medium, policies: 2	$$2.90 \mathrm{ms} \pm 20.3 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.436 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: system, selectivity: high, policies: 8	$$3.16 \mathrm{ms} \pm 20.5 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.796 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: system, selectivity: low, policies: 1	$$2.95 \mathrm{ms} \pm 16.4 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.417 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: system, selectivity: medium, policies: 3	$$3.26 \mathrm{ms} \pm 23.8 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.37 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

policy_resolution_small

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: empty, selectivity: high, policies: 52	$$3.18 \mathrm{ms} \pm 19.0 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.200 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: empty, selectivity: low, policies: 1	$$2.87 \mathrm{ms} \pm 18.3 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.59 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: empty, selectivity: medium, policies: 26	$$3.06 \mathrm{ms} \pm 19.7 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.16 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: seeded, selectivity: high, policies: 94	$$3.65 \mathrm{ms} \pm 22.0 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.72 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: seeded, selectivity: low, policies: 1	$$3.21 \mathrm{ms} \pm 26.1 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.31 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: seeded, selectivity: medium, policies: 27	$$3.42 \mathrm{ms} \pm 21.5 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.30 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: system, selectivity: high, policies: 66	$$3.59 \mathrm{ms} \pm 24.3 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.02 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: system, selectivity: low, policies: 1	$$3.14 \mathrm{ms} \pm 15.6 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.38 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
resolve_policies_for_actor	user: system, selectivity: medium, policies: 29	$$3.50 \mathrm{ms} \pm 25.5 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.44 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

read_scaling_complete

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
entity_by_id;one_depth	1 entities	$$33.2 \mathrm{ms} \pm 211 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.62 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id;one_depth	10 entities	$$72.3 \mathrm{ms} \pm 473 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.87 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id;one_depth	25 entities	$$37.0 \mathrm{ms} \pm 197 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.343 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id;one_depth	5 entities	$$40.5 \mathrm{ms} \pm 240 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.638 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id;one_depth	50 entities	$$43.6 \mathrm{ms} \pm 370 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.95 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id;two_depth	1 entities	$$35.0 \mathrm{ms} \pm 237 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.65 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id;two_depth	10 entities	$$421 \mathrm{ms} \pm 1.33 \mathrm{ms}\left({\color{gray}0.876 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id;two_depth	25 entities	$$93.0 \mathrm{ms} \pm 860 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-1.112 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id;two_depth	5 entities	$$81.2 \mathrm{ms} \pm 481 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.57 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id;two_depth	50 entities	$$280 \mathrm{ms} \pm 1.09 \mathrm{ms}\left({\color{gray}-0.278 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id;zero_depth	1 entities	$$10.8 \mathrm{ms} \pm 65.5 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}3.53 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id;zero_depth	10 entities	$$11.1 \mathrm{ms} \pm 70.3 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}3.53 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id;zero_depth	25 entities	$$11.1 \mathrm{ms} \pm 79.6 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.27 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id;zero_depth	5 entities	$$10.9 \mathrm{ms} \pm 75.7 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}3.54 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id;zero_depth	50 entities	$$11.0 \mathrm{ms} \pm 72.3 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.24 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

read_scaling_linkless

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
entity_by_id	1 entities	$$10.8 \mathrm{ms} \pm 88.1 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.56 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	10 entities	$$10.7 \mathrm{ms} \pm 70.6 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.94 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	100 entities	$$10.9 \mathrm{ms} \pm 66.2 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.67 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	1000 entities	$$11.0 \mathrm{ms} \pm 67.5 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}4.02 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	10000 entities	$$11.3 \mathrm{ms} \pm 97.4 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.97 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

representative_read_entity

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/block/v/1	$$11.3 \mathrm{ms} \pm 68.4 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.20 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/book/v/1	$$11.8 \mathrm{ms} \pm 91.9 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{red}7.62 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/building/v/1	$$11.5 \mathrm{ms} \pm 78.2 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{red}5.03 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/organization/v/1	$$11.3 \mathrm{ms} \pm 63.4 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.78 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/page/v/2	$$11.4 \mathrm{ms} \pm 66.1 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.96 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/person/v/1	$$11.4 \mathrm{ms} \pm 76.6 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}3.25 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/playlist/v/1	$$11.4 \mathrm{ms} \pm 70.9 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.72 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/song/v/1	$$11.7 \mathrm{ms} \pm 90.2 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}3.46 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/uk-address/v/1	$$11.4 \mathrm{ms} \pm 83.4 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}4.01 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

representative_read_entity_type

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
get_entity_type_by_id	Account ID: bf5a9ef5-dc3b-43cf-a291-6210c0321eba	$$8.22 \mathrm{ms} \pm 46.8 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.08 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

representative_read_multiple_entities

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
entity_by_property	traversal_paths=0	0	$$58.1 \mathrm{ms} \pm 597 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.27 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$
entity_by_property	traversal_paths=255	1,resolve_depths=inherit:1;values:255;properties:255;links:127;link_dests:126;type:true	$$111 \mathrm{ms} \pm 662 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}3.03 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$
entity_by_property	traversal_paths=2	1,resolve_depths=inherit:0;values:0;properties:0;links:0;link_dests:0;type:false	$$64.1 \mathrm{ms} \pm 463 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}4.90 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$
entity_by_property	traversal_paths=2	1,resolve_depths=inherit:0;values:0;properties:0;links:1;link_dests:0;type:true	$$73.7 \mathrm{ms} \pm 483 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{red}5.20 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$
entity_by_property	traversal_paths=2	1,resolve_depths=inherit:0;values:0;properties:2;links:1;link_dests:0;type:true	$$81.8 \mathrm{ms} \pm 487 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}4.23 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$
entity_by_property	traversal_paths=2	1,resolve_depths=inherit:0;values:2;properties:2;links:1;link_dests:0;type:true	$$89.5 \mathrm{ms} \pm 646 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}4.65 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$
link_by_source_by_property	traversal_paths=0	0	$$47.2 \mathrm{ms} \pm 321 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.44 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$
link_by_source_by_property	traversal_paths=255	1,resolve_depths=inherit:1;values:255;properties:255;links:127;link_dests:126;type:true	$$74.6 \mathrm{ms} \pm 448 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.15 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$
link_by_source_by_property	traversal_paths=2	1,resolve_depths=inherit:0;values:0;properties:0;links:0;link_dests:0;type:false	$$53.5 \mathrm{ms} \pm 394 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.61 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$
link_by_source_by_property	traversal_paths=2	1,resolve_depths=inherit:0;values:0;properties:0;links:1;link_dests:0;type:true	$$62.2 \mathrm{ms} \pm 463 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}2.61 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$
link_by_source_by_property	traversal_paths=2	1,resolve_depths=inherit:0;values:0;properties:2;links:1;link_dests:0;type:true	$$64.3 \mathrm{ms} \pm 403 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}3.63 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$
link_by_source_by_property	traversal_paths=2	1,resolve_depths=inherit:0;values:2;properties:2;links:1;link_dests:0;type:true	$$64.4 \mathrm{ms} \pm 612 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.40 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$

scenarios

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
full_test	query-limited	$$112 \mathrm{ms} \pm 591 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{lightgreen}-8.332 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
full_test	query-unlimited	$$124 \mathrm{ms} \pm 751 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{lightgreen}-5.815 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
linked_queries	query-limited	$$24.0 \mathrm{ms} \pm 183 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-1.006 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
linked_queries	query-unlimited	$$506 \mathrm{ms} \pm 1.31 \mathrm{ms}\left({\color{gray}-3.437 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph