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open-source tools for agentic research

skills.sh

Turn a research question into an artifact whose sources, claims, citations, dependencies, and change history remain inspectable in one local SQLite file. Oh is the ontology kernel, store, CLI, TypeScript SDK, and Agent Skill behind that path. It stores content-addressed records and an append-only operation log, checks every mutation against an explicit versioned contract, and keeps keyword and semantic indexes derived and replaceable.

Website · Versioned specification · Agent Skill

From a question to an inspectable artifact

Oh supplies a versioned graph envelope and a small ontology kernel. A research application can map familiar work onto explicit records without hiding meaning in a database convention:

Research object Oh record kind What becomes inspectable
Question inquiry The question and its durable investigation trail.
Source entity A stable identity for a paper, dataset, person, or system.
Capture edition A bounded source edition or extract under an application profile.
Claim statement The proposition, separate from who accepts it.
Citation evidence How a passage, table, or observation bears on an assertion.
Artifact view A derived brief or answer with addressable inputs.

An attributable assertion sits between a claim and the evidence that bears on it. A small review can therefore leave an inspectable path instead of one opaque answer:

inquiry:primary-endpoint
  → entity:trial-report
  → edition:trial-report-v1
  → statement:endpoint-12-weeks
  → assertion:endpoint-12-weeks
  → evidence:table-2
  → view:review-brief

The homepage trace shows the exact CLI read and a schema-checked illustrative evidence record. It is a model of record custody, not a claim about a real study.

Why Oh

  • Make meaning explicit. Every record declares a kind, stable logical key, ordered dependencies, and canonical JSON content under a versioned ontology and schema contract.
  • Keep changes accountable. Content digests, append-only operations, compare-and-swap writes, and replay verification make accepted graph changes inspectable and stale writes visible.
  • Keep local state authoritative. Records and operations live in one SQLite file you control. Sync is an explicit transport seam and accepts only fast-forward histories after an exact contract handshake.
  • Treat search as a view. FTS5 documents, optional local embeddings, and a separately scoped hosted cache are derived from current record digests, so an index can be rebuilt without becoming graph authority.
  • Derive without silently asserting. Positive recursive rules run against one exact graph head and fact-pack digest. Their tuples and bounded proofs are deterministic, disposable output rather than accepted graph records.
  • Remember without conflating authority. A stable host-bound facade composes a purgeable working authority with one pinned canonical head while preserving lane, conflict, record, and proof provenance.

Install and first run

Bun 1.3.14 or newer is required for the CLI, local SDK, and SQLite authority. The runtime-neutral store contracts and direct libSQL authority also support Node 24 serverless runtimes. Install the exact current release from npm:

bun add --global @hraness/oh@0.4.0
oh --help

The identical package bytes and their checksum are available from the immutable GitHub Release, including the mirrored hraness-oh-0.4.0.tgz and SHA256SUMS.

Oh writes to .oh/oh.sqlite and the default space unless you select another path or space. Keep .oh/ out of source control.

oh init
oh put \
  --kind entity \
  --key entity:ada-lovelace \
  --json '{"name":"Ada Lovelace","role":"mathematician"}'
oh get entity:ada-lovelace
oh search "mathematician" --mode keyword
oh verify

This first task creates one entity, reads it back, finds it through the derived keyword index, and verifies the authoritative operation chain. It needs no account, hosted model, remote database, or semantic-search dependency.

What becomes observable

Commands print canonical JSON, except oh version and help. A missing oh get record exits with status 3. Invalid input, an integrity failure, or a concurrent head conflict exits with status 1 and leaves the current log intact.

Run oh contract to inspect the ontology, graph, schema, and SQLite versions compiled into the installed runtime. Opening an Oh database separately checks that its stored contract manifest matches that runtime.

How Oh works

An Oh space has one current graph and one append-only operation chain:

  • A record has a stable logical key, one declared kind, ordered dependencies, arbitrary canonical JSON content, and a SHA-256 digest over its envelope.
  • A mutation puts or tombstones records in one BEGIN IMMEDIATE transaction. Compare-and-swap checks reject a stale generation before the head moves.
  • Every operation binds the parent operation, graph revision, complete record set, contract, actor, timestamp, and sequence to a digest.
  • SQLite records and the operation log are authoritative. FTS5 documents and local embedding files can be deleted and rebuilt.
  • Sync exchanges bounded operation bundles after an exact contract handshake. Only fast-forward histories settle automatically; divergence fails closed.

The V1 kernel distinguishes seven ideas: entity, statement, assertion, evidence, context, inquiry, and projection. The generic graph envelope also supports schema, vocabulary, review, rights, edition, and activity records. Product-specific meaning belongs in registered codecs and versioned schema records, not in hidden storage conventions.

Use the SDK

For a project dependency, pin the same immutable release in package.json:

{
  "dependencies": {
    "@hraness/oh": "0.4.0"
  }
}

The base package has no required runtime dependencies. Keyword search, ontology parsing, SQLite storage, replay verification, and sync need no hosted model.

import { Oh } from "@hraness/oh/sdk";

const oh = Oh.open({
  databasePath: ".oh/research.sqlite",
  spaceId: "paper-one",
});

try {
  const head = oh.head();
  oh.put({
    expectedHead: head,
    key: "entity:ada-lovelace",
    kind: "entity",
    value: { name: "Ada Lovelace" },
  });

  const result = await oh.search("Ada", { mode: "keyword" });
  console.log(result.results[0]?.record);
  console.log(oh.verify());
} finally {
  await oh.close();
}

Pass the head you actually reviewed when concurrent writers matter. Do not retry OhConflictError blindly. Read the new head and records, reconcile the intended change, then submit a new operation.

The root entrypoint exports canonical JSON, ontology, schema, graph, operation, store, and sync contracts. Use @hraness/oh/store for the runtime-neutral promise interface, @hraness/oh/libsql for a direct Node 24 or serverless authority, @hraness/oh/sqlite for the local Bun store, @hraness/oh/sdk for the local Oh facade, @hraness/oh/sync for transport seams, @hraness/oh/projection for recursive derived views, and @hraness/oh/semantic for the optional local embedding backend, and @hraness/oh/semantic-cloud for the Cloudflare EmbeddingGemma plus direct libSQL derived-cache adapter. Use the narrow stable @hraness/oh/memory-page entrypoint for model-neutral page records and .oh.md interchange. The stable @hraness/oh/memory subpath composes host-bound working and canonical stores behind separate agent and host-control surfaces. The former @hraness/oh/experimental/memory path remains as a compatibility alias.

Open a scoped working store

Working memory uses the same V1 graph and operation bytes under a different storage lifecycle. The host chooses and retains the realm binding. Application code receives the promise-based store and keeps the host object that can purge a working space out of agent tools. A model-facing adapter should expose strict semantic ingress and bounded query methods, not generic commit or change-feed access.

import { createClient } from "@libsql/client";
import {
  bootstrapOhLibSqlAuthorityV1,
  createOhLibSqlStoreAuthorityV1,
  purgeOhLibSqlWorkingSpaceV1,
} from "@hraness/oh/libsql";
import { OH_WORKING_STORE_PROFILE_V1 } from "@hraness/oh/store";

// Run once during deployment with a short-lived schema credential.
const schemaClient = createClient({
  authToken: process.env.OH_SCHEMA_TOKEN!,
  url: process.env.OH_DATABASE_URL!,
});
await bootstrapOhLibSqlAuthorityV1(schemaClient);
schemaClient.close();

// Runtime opens verify the schema and execute no DDL.
const runtimeClient = createClient({
  authToken: process.env.OH_RUNTIME_TOKEN!,
  url: process.env.OH_DATABASE_URL!,
});
const authority = await createOhLibSqlStoreAuthorityV1(runtimeClient, {
  profile: OH_WORKING_STORE_PROFILE_V1,
  realmId: "tenant:example/thread:research",
  spaceId: "thread:research",
});

const store = authority.store;
console.log(await store.head());

// A separately held purge worker either purges the exact existing binding or
// writes an empty-head tombstone when creation never completed. It cannot
// create a space or binding, and a delayed creator cannot resurrect custody.
const purgeClient = createClient({
  authToken: process.env.OH_PURGE_TOKEN!,
  url: process.env.OH_DATABASE_URL!,
});
await purgeOhLibSqlWorkingSpaceV1(purgeClient, {
  closeClient: true,
  profile: OH_WORKING_STORE_PROFILE_V1,
  realmId: "tenant:example/thread:research",
  spaceId: "thread:research",
});

The working profile disables operation replication. Dependency-closure export remains available for explicit reviewed adoption. purgeWorkingSpace exists only on authority.host; do not expose that object or raw database credentials through a model tool. Read the store-port specification for exact snapshot, change-feed, codec ingress, closure, and purge behavior.

Compose working and canonical memory

The stable @hraness/oh/memory entrypoint uses the same Oh kernel twice, not a separate memory database model. Trusted host code supplies two distinct physical store handles, their expected binding digests, one exact canonical head, sealed working codecs, digest-identified fact extractors, and closed registries of named projection programs and nomination routes.

Use createOhMemoryAuthorityV1 for an application integration. It returns an agent object with only remember, query, explain, and nominate, plus a separate host object for canonical-head rollover and reviewed adoption:

import { createOhMemoryAuthorityV1 } from "@hraness/oh/memory";

const memory = await createOhMemoryAuthorityV1({
  actorId: "research.memory-agent",
  adoptionActorId: "research.memory-reviewer",
  canonical: {
    authorityId: "project-reviewed",
    expectedBindingSha256: canonical.store.binding.bindingSha256,
    expectedHead: await canonical.store.head(),
    store: canonical.store,
  },
  nominationRoutes: [{
    destinationPurpose: "kb.review",
    nominationId: "knowledge-review",
  }],
  programs: [projectDependenciesProgramV2],
  working: {
    authorityId: "thread-working",
    codecs,
    expectedBindingSha256: working.store.binding.bindingSha256,
    store: working.store,
  },
});

const result = await memory.agent.query({
  bindings: {},
  continuation: null,
  programId: "project.dependencies",
  v: 2,
});

const nomination = await memory.agent.nominate({
  nominationId: "knowledge-review",
  roots: ["edition:reviewed-summary"],
  v: 1,
});
await memory.host.adoptNomination({
  expectedCanonicalHead: result.identity.canonical.head,
  nomination,
  v: 1,
});

// To replace an existing key, trusted host code must prove the reviewed
// canonical digest. Omit replacements to retain strict insert-only adoption.
await memory.host.adoptNomination({
  expectedCanonicalHead: reviewedCanonicalHead,
  nomination: revisedNomination,
  replacements: [{
    expectedPriorRecordSha256: reviewedRecord.recordSha256,
    key: reviewedRecord.key,
    v: 1,
  }],
  v: 1,
});

adoptNomination parses the complete proposal, checks its host-selected route and working authority, and re-exports the closure from the exact nominated working head. An absent record is inserted, an equal digest is already present, and a different digest fails closed by default. Trusted host code can authorize an intentional replacement only by naming the logical key and its exact reviewed prior digest in a bounded replacements list. Missing, stale, wrong, duplicate, or absent-key claims fail without a partial write. Every supplied claim is checked, including claims for keys already at their nominated digest; an exact replay validates those claims against its exact reviewed head. The inserts and authorized replacements share one compare-and-swap operation; the existing parent-head and record-change bytes carry the transition without a new persisted format. Before that commit, the authority proves that the prospective canonical snapshot stays within 8,192 records and 32 MiB. After it, the authority re-reads the physical head, so a reachable duplicate operation or a later writer cannot make it install an obsolete intermediate head. A stale expected head succeeds only when the current physical snapshot contains every nominated digest exactly.

advanceCanonical moves the facade's pin only from its current exact head to the same head or a proven descendant in the bound canonical operation chain. One call proves at most 16,384 operations over at most 64 bounded pages; callers must advance longer histories in reviewed chunks. Host mutations are serialized. A query already in flight keeps the immutable pin it captured, existing explanation capabilities survive rollover in one shared 64 MiB cache, and an old continuation fails when the memory identity changes.

Every stable method snapshots unknown JSON input through data-property descriptors before validation. Accessors, symbols, proxies, sparse arrays, and non-JSON values fail closed, and execution uses only the detached bytes. The snapshot walk is capped at 128 levels, 65,536 entries per container, and 1,048,576 total nodes, and counts canonical bytes before it clones each child.

V2 evaluates one complete bounded result before paging it. Agent input may bind only host-declared primitive query-body parameters; it cannot choose sources, rules, purpose, page size, or evaluation limits. Pass an issued continuation back unchanged only to the same named query and do not log it. Catch OhMemoryContinuationError when a supplied cursor needs to be restarted; its reason distinguishes encoding, authentication, and exact-identity failures. Other store and projection failures keep their original types. The compatibility alias @hraness/oh/experimental/memory remains available, but new integrations should use @hraness/oh/memory. Read the memory specification for the complete authority, conflict, pagination, and lifecycle boundary.

Use a memory page or .oh.md file

A memory page is an ordinary edition record with bounded Markdown, explicit source observations, and a host-attestation receipt reference. It is useful for readable summaries and long-running-agent notes without introducing a second memory ontology. Its canonical .oh.md form contains the complete record key, dependencies, digest, metadata, and body:

import {
  createOhMemoryPageRecordV1,
  renderOhMemoryPageMarkdownV1,
} from "@hraness/oh/memory-page";

const page = createOhMemoryPageRecordV1({
  dependencies: ["activity:memory-attestation"],
  key: "edition:session-summary",
  value: {
    body: "## Current state\n\nThe provider rollout is paused before activation.",
    createdAt: "2026-08-31T12:00:00.000Z",
    format: "oh.memory-page.v1",
    language: "en",
    provenance: {
      actorId: "host.memory",
      attestationSha256: receiptSha256,
      attestedAt: "2026-08-31T12:00:00.000Z",
      kind: "host-attested",
      v: 1,
    },
    sources: [],
    summary: "The exact resumable session frontier.",
    title: "Session frontier",
    updatedAt: "2026-08-31T12:00:00.000Z",
    v: 1,
  },
});

const portable = renderOhMemoryPageMarkdownV1(page);

The page never stores vectors, model IDs, scores, or provider configuration. Treat its Markdown and source titles as untrusted data. See the memory-page specification for the exact format and round-trip rules.

Derive an exact projection

The projection subpath is pure TypeScript and runs in Node 24 serverless functions without loading SQLite. A snapshot binds the current space head and complete record-reference set. A fact pack binds the deterministic extractor that translated those records into relations. Rules and queries are typed data, not strings or executable callbacks.

import {
  OH_PROJECTION_RECORD_FACT_EXTRACTOR_V1,
  createOhProjectionDatasetV1,
  createOhProjectionLiteralV1,
  createOhProjectionQueryV1,
  createOhProjectionRecordFactsV1,
  createOhProjectionRulePackV1,
  createOhProjectionRuleV1,
  createOhProjectionSnapshotV1,
  evaluateOhProjectionV1,
  ohProjectionVariableV1 as variable,
} from "@hraness/oh/projection";

const records = oh.store.snapshotRecords();
const snapshot = createOhProjectionSnapshotV1({
  head: oh.head(),
  records,
  spaceId: oh.store.spaceId,
});
const dataset = createOhProjectionDatasetV1({
  extractorSha256: OH_PROJECTION_RECORD_FACT_EXTRACTOR_V1.extractorSha256,
  factPackId: OH_PROJECTION_RECORD_FACT_EXTRACTOR_V1.factPackId,
  factPackRevision: OH_PROJECTION_RECORD_FACT_EXTRACTOR_V1.factPackRevision,
  facts: createOhProjectionRecordFactsV1(records),
  snapshot,
});

const x = variable("x");
const y = variable("y");
const z = variable("z");
const literal = (relation: string, ...terms: ReturnType<typeof variable>[]) =>
  createOhProjectionLiteralV1({ relation, terms });
const rulePack = createOhProjectionRulePackV1({
  rulePackId: "example.dependencies",
  rulePackRevision: 1,
  rules: [
    createOhProjectionRuleV1({
      body: [literal("oh.dependency", x, y)],
      head: literal("depends", x, y),
      ruleId: "depends.direct",
    }),
    createOhProjectionRuleV1({
      body: [literal("depends", x, y), literal("oh.dependency", y, z)],
      head: literal("depends", x, z),
      ruleId: "depends.transitive",
    }),
  ],
});
const query = createOhProjectionQueryV1({
  find: ["x", "z"],
  queryId: "all.dependencies",
  where: [literal("depends", x, z)],
});

const result = evaluateOhProjectionV1({ dataset, query, rulePack, snapshot });
console.log(result.rows);

result.authority is always derived. Oh does not commit a result, elevate an agent assertion, or make a proof authoritative. Changing the snapshot, extracted fact set, rule pack, or query produces a new identity and requires a full rebuild.

The reference evaluator favors bounded, transparent correctness. It supports positive recursion and set semantics; it does not yet support negation, aggregation, arithmetic, or incremental invalidation. An optional compatibility lane evaluates the same rules with exactly @suss/datalog@0.20.0 and returns a result only after every relation agrees with the reference evaluator:

bun add @suss/datalog@0.20.0
import { evaluateOhProjectionWithSussV1 } from "@hraness/oh/experimental/projection-suss";

const checked = evaluateOhProjectionWithSussV1({
  dataset,
  query,
  rulePack,
  snapshot,
});

Suss does not expose an execution-budget hook. Its adapter therefore applies a conservative finite-domain admission bound and refuses programs it cannot prove will stay inside the requested tuple ceiling. The built-in evaluator remains available for those programs. The compatibility lane deliberately runs both engines; it is an equivalence check, not a performance backend.

Add local semantic search

Semantic state is a cache. Each QMD result is rejoined to the current SQLite record by exact record digest before Oh returns it.

bun add @tobilu/qmd@2.5.3
import { Oh } from "@hraness/oh/sdk";
import { OhQmdSemanticBackendV1 } from "@hraness/oh/semantic";

const backend = new OhQmdSemanticBackendV1({
  cacheDirectory: ".oh/semantic",
});
const oh = Oh.open({ semanticBackend: backend });

try {
  await oh.indexSemantic();
  const result = await oh.search("early programmable machines", {
    mode: "hybrid",
  });
  console.log(result.results);
} finally {
  await oh.close();
}

The exact V1 profile is documented in the embedding specification. The model download and all inference stay local. Keyword mode remains available when QMD or the model is absent.

Add a hosted semantic cache

The hosted V2 adapter uses the same source-record principle with a distinct, profile-bound cache. It sends bounded inputs to Cloudflare Workers AI's EmbeddingGemma model and stores only float32 vectors, input digests, record digests, immutable generation membership, and a published pointer in direct libSQL. It stores no title, body, record JSON, or query text.

Every cache call also binds an isolation SHA-256. The helper below derives a safe authority-specific default. A private multi-tenant host should instead derive an opaque digest from its private authority handle, cache epoch, and profile identity, then pass that same digest to every cache operation.

import { createClient } from "@libsql/client";
import {
  OhCloudflareEmbeddingClientV1,
  bootstrapOhLibSqlSemanticCacheV2,
  deriveOhSemanticIsolationSha256V2,
  openOhLibSqlSemanticCacheV2,
} from "@hraness/oh/semantic-cloud";

// Deploy once with a short-lived schema credential.
const schemaClient = createClient({
  authToken: process.env.OH_SEMANTIC_SCHEMA_TOKEN!,
  url: process.env.OH_SEMANTIC_DATABASE_URL!,
});
await bootstrapOhLibSqlSemanticCacheV2(schemaClient);
schemaClient.close();

const client = createClient({
  authToken: process.env.OH_SEMANTIC_RUNTIME_TOKEN!,
  url: process.env.OH_SEMANTIC_DATABASE_URL!,
});
const cache = await openOhLibSqlSemanticCacheV2(client, { closeClient: true });
const embedder = new OhCloudflareEmbeddingClientV1({
  accountId: process.env.CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID!,
  apiToken: process.env.CLOUDFLARE_WORKERS_AI_TOKEN!,
});
const authorityId = "thread:research/epoch:1";
const isolationSha256 = deriveOhSemanticIsolationSha256V2(authorityId);

const staged = await cache.stage({
  authorityId,
  authoritySha256: snapshot.head.recordsSha256,
  documents,
  embeddingClient: embedder,
  generation: snapshot.head.generation,
  isolationSha256,
});
const published = await cache.publishedHead({
  authorityId,
  isolationSha256,
});
await cache.publish({
  authorityId,
  expectedPublishedGeneration: published?.generation ?? null,
  generation: staged.generation,
  isolationSha256,
});

Search requires the exact current authority generation and record digests, and returns nothing from a stale or concurrently replaced head. Purge writes a permanent authority tombstone before deleting memberships and every vector in that authority's reserved isolation scopes. Its immutable marker and receipt make retries return the same first-run counts while proving zero residual cache rows. Distinct authority or cache-epoch isolation digests never reuse a vector, and the digest never enters provider text. The same authority ID cannot be resurrected; allocate a new epoch for a new lifetime. Hosted failure is a missing convenience lane, never permission to weaken exact graph or Datalog operations. Read the isolated hosted semantic-cache V2 specification. The released V1 API and digests remain available unchanged for compatibility; V1 and V2 cannot open the same semantic database simultaneously.

Sync through libSQL or Turso

createLibSqlOperationSyncTransportV1 accepts the execute and batch shape implemented by libSQL clients. Oh creates two remote tables for the contract manifest and immutable operation chain. It does not send semantic cache files.

bun add @libsql/client@^0.17.4
import { createClient } from "@libsql/client";
import { Oh } from "@hraness/oh/sdk";
import { createLibSqlOperationSyncTransportV1 } from "@hraness/oh/sync";

const client = createClient({ url: process.env.TURSO_DATABASE_URL! });
const oh = Oh.open();

try {
  const transport = createLibSqlOperationSyncTransportV1(client);
  const result = await oh.sync(transport, { remoteId: "research-cloud" });
  console.log(result);
} finally {
  await oh.close();
  client.close();
}

The consumer owns credentials, client construction, retry policy, and remote availability. The transport handshakes before exchanging data and refuses a different contract or a non-fast-forward history.

For offline transfer, oh sync export writes a bounded bundle to stdout and oh sync import --file <path> verifies and imports it idempotently.

Boundaries and limitations

  • Digests detect changed contract, record, operation, and bundle bytes. They do not encrypt data, authenticate an actor, authorize a write, or prove that a research statement is true.
  • Oh does not redact record values. Protect the database, filesystem, backups, and any sync destination according to the sensitivity of the research graph.
  • The optional QMD cache contains derived record text. Its pinned model and inference stay local, but the cache still needs the same deliberate handling as its source data.
  • The libSQL seam validates exact contracts and fast-forward history. The consumer remains responsible for credentials, transport security, access control, tenant isolation, backup, retry, and remote availability.
  • Divergent histories do not merge automatically. Oh returns an explicit conflict and leaves reconciliation policy to the consumer.
  • Projection tuples and proofs are derived cache output. Persisting or publishing them as knowledge requires an explicit application-level review and a new authoritative graph operation.

Read SECURITY.md for the complete public threat model.

Give Oh to a coding agent

The repository includes an installable Agent Skill at skills/oh. Copy or link that directory into the skill location used by your agent runner. The skill teaches an agent to inspect the contract and current head, use generation-checked writes, verify replay, and keep remote sync explicit.

You can also give an agent this prompt:

Install @hraness/oh@0.4.0 from npm and use its packaged Oh Agent Skill. The
exact npm tarball and SHA256SUMS are mirrored by the immutable v0.4.0 Release at
https://github.com/hraness/oh/releases/tag/v0.4.0. Verify the CLI with
`oh --help` and `oh version`.
Do not create or modify an Oh database until I name its path and ask you to.

Find the right documentation

  • Install and prove the local path: follow Install and first run.
  • Embed Oh in a tool: use the SDK, then select the narrow package subpath for SQLite, sync, projection, or optional semantics.
  • Give Oh to an agent: install the Oh Agent Skill and keep its database, space, sync target, and mutation authority explicit.
  • Implement or change a contract: begin with the specification map, then read the applicable V1 narrative and machine-readable schema together.
  • Contribute or report a vulnerability: follow CONTRIBUTING.md or the private process in SECURITY.md.

Specification

spec/manifest.json is the machine-readable discovery document. The current contract is V1:

The JSON Schemas describe exchange envelopes. Runtime parsers additionally enforce canonical ordering, byte limits, referential integrity, and digest preimages that JSON Schema cannot express.

Verify a checkout

bun install --frozen-lockfile --ignore-scripts
bun run check

The complete gate type-checks the package, runs the complete test suite, rebuilds the committed dist/ entrypoints, and must leave tracked files unchanged.

Contribute

Read CONTRIBUTING.md before changing a wire contract or migration. Report security issues through the private process in SECURITY.md.

Oh is available under the MIT License.

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