feat: 支持 Zig 0.17.0（版本说明、升级指南与示例代码适配） - #390
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- build.zig 增加 0.17 分支，新增 build/0.17.zig（适配 configure/make 分离、b.root、dependOnDirectoryContents） - 新增 course/code/17，适配数组乘法移除、errdefer 捕获移除、@backingInt、SoA 类型信息、@hasDecl、SafeAllocator、@bitcast 新语义等 - 构建系统示例改用 addPassthruArgs 与 Run 步骤，import_vcpkg 迁移到 translate-c 包
- course/code/release 同步为 17 的内容 - 更新数组、枚举、指针、结构体、错误处理、反射、内存管理、与 C 交互、构建系统等章节 - 站点显示版本更新为 0.17.0
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basic、cli、test 子项目中的测试沿用了旧版 init 模板的写法，在 0.17 下无法通过；同时根构建只执行了 zig build，测试代码从未被编译。现在对带 test 步骤的子项目额外执行 zig build test。
0.17 起 build 函数应当没有副作用，原脚本在配置阶段直接读取 cwd 并执行操作，改为通过 b.root 与构建步骤完成。
WhileBasic 是文档中用来讲解 continue 表达式的反例，在 i == 5 时会陷入死循环，导致 loop 示例运行后无法退出。保留对该函数的引用以确保它仍会被编译检查。
包括 **、void{}、i0、std.builtin、addTranslateC 推荐写法，并补充 @bitcast 在 0.17 中的语义变化。
- zig fmt 只会在 ** 与 errdefer |err| 上解析失败，void{} 与 i0 仍可解析；并且会自动为 @fromBackingInt 补上 @intcast
- std.zon.parse 的前后对照示例改为实际可编译的写法（std.zon 并未导出 fromSlice）
- 补充 std.fs.path 自 0.16.0 起已被弃用的说明
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概述
为教程增加 Zig
0.17.0（2026/10/2 发布）的支持：新增版本说明与升级指南，新增0.17构建脚本与示例代码，并把release示例与正文同步到0.17。主要改动
文档
0.17.0版本说明（course/update/0.17.0-description.md）：目标支持、系统最低版本、语言、标准库、构建系统、编译器、链接器、工具链、已知回归与路线图0.17.0升级指南（course/update/upgrade-0.17.0.md）：推荐的升级顺序 + 逐项迁移前后对比代码（指南中的新写法均已在 0.17 下编译验证）0.17.0**→@splat）、枚举（@backingInt/@fromBackingInt）、指针对齐、结构体（@bitCast新语义）、错误处理（errdefer捕获移除）、反射（SoA 风格类型信息、@hasDecl）、内存管理（SafeAllocator、BufferFirstAllocator）、与 C 交互（@cImport移除 → translate-c 包）、构建系统（configure / make 分离）等代码
build.zig增加0.17分支，新增build/0.17.zigb.root代替已移除的b.build_rootb.dependOnDirectoryContents，保证新增示例后配置缓存能正确失效course/code/17/，course/code/release/同步为其内容build_system示例：不再在build函数中直接 spawn 子进程，改为Run步骤；b.args→addPassthruArgs()import_vcpkg示例迁移到官方 translate-c 包（2.0.0）CI
0.17.0（0.17要求 macOS 15+，现有macos-15runner 满足）lint-0_17任务：0.17的zig fmt无法解析旧版本示例中已移除的语法，因此只检查0.17相关代码；原有0.16lint 保持不变其他
0.11-0.17验证
0.17.0：根目录zig build全部 132 个步骤通过（含所有单文件示例的运行与测试、子项目构建）0.16.0：根目录回归构建通过（仅tinytetris在本机因 0.16 自带 libcxx 与本机 macOS SDK 不兼容而失败，与本 PR 无关，course/code/16未改动）zig fmt --check：0.16全仓库通过，0.17对build.zig、build/0.17.zig、course/code/17、course/code/release通过prettier --check通过vitepress build通过；全部 285 处<<<@/code/...#anchor引用均能在release中找到对应 region需要关注
StackFallbackAllocator，但0.17.0标准库中的实际名称是std.heap.BufferFirstAllocator，文档以标准库为准并做了说明import_vcpkg依赖 Windows + vcpkg + gsl，仍保持“仅用于文档展示、默认构建为空操作”，translate-c 的用法用桩模块验证过编译0.16.0，本 PR 未改变这一点